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1、英語中定語從句難點(diǎn)透析漢中市委黨校王珂在函授《英語》第二冊中，講到定語從句這個(gè)語法，我這里把難點(diǎn)作一分析、歸納。定語從句是修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句，起形容詞的作用。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。?關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：A、引導(dǎo)定語從句；B、代替先行詞；C、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。例如：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyf
2、atherisapoliceman.?該句中，whois?shakinghandswithmyfather是定語從句，修飾先行詞theman，“who”是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞theman，在定語從句中作主語。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句在課本中已作詳細(xì)講解，不再贅述，這里主要談其特殊用法一、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。例如⒈Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheonce
3、studiedisveryfamous.他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學(xué)校很出名。⒉TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.明天我將把你要的雜志帶來。⒊Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.這是我昨天跟他打臺球的男孩。⒋We’llgotohear
4、thefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.我們將去聽那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩已莩?。⒌ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingo
5、urworkingconditions我工作的那家公司的經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。【注意】①含有介詞的短語動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動(dòng)詞的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。例如：ⅰThisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.???(正)????這是我正在找的手表。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(誤)ⅱThebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.???(正)?
6、那個(gè)保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.（誤）②若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom，不可用who,that；關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只可用which，不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。例如ⅰThemanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.???(正)?你剛才跟他談話的那個(gè)人是我的鄰居。Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.???(誤)ⅱThep
7、laneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.???(正)我們?nèi)ゼ幽么笏俗娘w機(jī)實(shí)在很舒服。TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.???(誤)③“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：ⅰHeloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.??他深深地愛著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。ⅱInthe
8、baskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.?
