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1、SummaryoftheskeletalsystembyhuangjinruSummaryoftheSkeletalSystemTheSkeletalSystemhelpstoprovidebasicfunctionsthatareessentialtolife.Ithelpsin:ProtectionSupportBloodcellformationMineralhomeostasisStorageLeverageGrossAnatomyAnaveragehumanskeletonhas206bones.Themajorbonesofthehuman
2、skeletonarelabeledinthepicture.GrossAnatomyTheskeletonisbrokenintotwotwomainparts:Theaxial（中軸的）andtheappendicular(四肢的)skeletons.TheAxialSkeletonTheaxialskeletonconsistsof80bonesincludingtheskull,thespine,theribsandthesternum.TheAppendicularSkeletonTheappendicularskeletonincludes
3、theshoulders,thepelvis,andtheirattachedbones.Itcontains126bones,64intheshouldersandupperlimbsand62inthepelvisandlowerlimbs.ItcanbedividedintothehigherandlowerextremitiesMajorFunctionsoftheSkeletalSystemProtectsvitalorgans-yourbonesserveasasortofarmorforyourinsides!Givesusshape-w
4、ithoutboneswe’dbeabloboforgansandtissue!Allowsustomove-withoutboneswe’dbe“motionless”!RegulatesCalcium–whenbloodcalciumlevelgetstoolow,bonespitchin!Formsbloodcells–mostofthebloodcellsareproducedinsidethebones!BoneCompositionThebonesarecomposedof3differentlayers:CompactboneSpongy
5、boneBonemarrowBoneProtectionandConnectionJoints-where2ormorebonesmeet(thinkkneesandelbows)Ligaments-fastenbonestootherbonesTendons-fastenbonestomuscles(eversprainedanankleorwrist?-that’satendonyouinjured)Cartilage-capoffbones（脫鈣骨頭）andcushionthemBursa（黏液囊）-fluidfilledsacswithinbo
6、nes(think“shockabsorbers”減震器，緩沖器)MainConnectorsofBonesLigamentsfastenbonetoboneMadeofwhite,fibrous,elasticbandsBindboneendstogethertopreventexcessivemovementTendonsfastenbonetomuscleMadeofwhite,fibrous,elasticbands,sameasligamentsTransmitmuscularcontractionsthatallowbonestomove
