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1、ThenightofthehorseGrammar現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)一、結(jié)構(gòu):二、句式:三、用法及標(biāo)志詞:四、注意事項:【精點分析】一、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu):主語+have/has+動詞過去分詞(注:過去分詞規(guī)則變化方式同過去式,不規(guī)則變化見不規(guī)則動詞表)例:Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Hehasfoundhispen.二、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的句式:(以動詞see為例)1、陳述句:I/We/You/Theyhaveseenthisfilm.He/She/Ithasseenthisfilm.2、一般問句及簡略回答:Haveyou/
2、theyseenthisfilm.?Yes,I/we/theyhave.No,I/we/theyhaven't.Hashe/she/itseenthisfilm.?Yes,he/she/ithas.No,he/she/ithasn't.3、否定句:I/We/You/Theyhaven'tseenthisfilm.He/She/Ithasn'tseenthisfilm.三、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的用法:1.表示已完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果1)標(biāo)志詞:already:多用于陳述句,位于have/has后,有時位于句尾。例:Ihavealr
3、eadyfinishedmyhomework.yet:用于疑問句和否定句,位于句尾。例:Haveyoufoundyourlostbookyet?Ihaven'thadbreakfastyet.ever:多用于疑問句,問初次經(jīng)歷。例:Hasyourfathereverspokentoaforeigner?never:用于否定句,位于have/has后例:We'venevermetsuchatallman.just:多用于陳述句,位于have/has后例:Lucyhasjustwashedherclothes.before:可用于各句式,
4、位于句尾。例:Ihavereadthisbookbefore.Hehasn'tbeenabroadbefore.HaveyouflowntoHainanbefore?b.無標(biāo)志詞的:例:Heisnotfeelingwellnow.Hehascaughtacold.Ihavelostthekey.Ican'tgointomyroom.我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)。他剛剛打掃完房間。你已經(jīng)吃過午飯了嗎?你以前曾經(jīng)去過紐約嗎?不,我從未去過那兒。Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Hehasjustcleanedthero
5、om.Haveyouhadlunchyet?HaveyoueverbeentoNewYorkbefore?No,I’veneverbeentherebefore.2.表示從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(還可能繼續(xù)去)的動作或狀態(tài)。標(biāo)志詞:1)for+一段時間例:Wehavelivedinthiscityfortenyears.2)since+過去點時間since+一段時間+agosince+從句(從句用一般過去式)例:Hehasworkedheresince1990.Shehastaughtinthisschoolsincetwoyear
6、sago.Wehaveknowneachothersincewemet.3)sofar,once/twice/threetimes,allone'slife4)inthepast+一段時間duringthelast+一段時間例:Theyhavelearnt2000wordssofar.Tomhasseenthefilmtwice.Herfatherhasworkedinthefactoryallhislife.例:Theyhavebuiltmanyhighbuildingsinthepastthreeyears.Greatchange
7、shavetakenplaceinBinzhouduringthelasttwoyears3.have/hasbeento與have/hasgoneto的區(qū)別運(yùn)用HehasbeentoJinan.(去過濟(jì)南,人已回來)HehasgonetoJinan.(去濟(jì)南了,人在路上或在濟(jì)南)現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別1)一般過去時表示過去的事實,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、方式;2)而現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果例:1)Ihadmylunchattwelveatschool.我十二點在學(xué)校吃的午飯。(強(qiáng)調(diào)
8、吃飯的時間、地點,不涉及現(xiàn)在情況)2)Ihavehadmylunch.我吃過午飯了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)吃飯對現(xiàn)在的影響是飽了,不須再吃了)3)When/Wheredidyouhaveit?什么時候/在哪兒吃的?(不管問時間還是地點,