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1、RESEARCHHIGHLIGHTSInthenewsNEWCORONAVIRUSAnewvirusofthefamilyCoronaviridaehasbeenidentified.Thevirus,whichhasyettobenamed,causesacuterespiratoryillnessandrenalfailure.Twoinfectedindividualshavebeenreported,withthefirst,a60-year-oldmanfromSaudiArabia,dyingfr
2、omtheinfection.Thesecondindividual,a49-year-oldQatarimanwhohadrecentlytravelledtoSaudiArabia,wastransferredtoaLondonhospital.Viralgenomeanalysisrevealedthatthevirusesfromthesepatientsare99.5%identical.Coronavirusesincludepathogensthatcausediseaseswithasigni
3、ficantrangeofclinicalseverity,fromthecommoncoldtosevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS;whichcausedaworldwideepidemicin2002and2003).However,boththeWHOandtheEuropeanCentreforDiseaseControl(ECDC)believethatthenewvirusisdifferentfromSARScoronavirus.Similarly,viro
4、logistJohnOxford(QueenMary,UniversityofLondon,UK)commentedthat“SARSwasveryquickoffthemarkinfectinghospitalstaffetcandthisnewvirusdoesnot...appeartobeinthesame‘bigbang’group.”(BBCNews,24Sep2012.)Nevertheless,giventheseverityofthetwocases,theWHOandseveralexpe
5、rtsaroundtheworldarecarryingoutextensiveteststocharacterizethevirusandadvisecountriesonappropriatehealthprotectionmeasures.Theyhavefoundthatthevirus“cannotbeeasilytransmittedfrompersontoperson”(Reuters,28?Sep2012).Moreover,writinginEurosurveillance,scientis
6、tsattheECDCstatedthatthevirusis“probablyofzoonoticorigin”(27Sep2012).VirologistRonFouchier(ErasmusMC,Rotterdam,theNetherlands),whoisolatedthevirusfromthe60-year-oldman,hasalsocautionedthatweneedto“fulfillKoch’spostulates”andactuallyshowthattheviruscausedthe
7、diseasebytestingitsvirulenceinanimals(Science,24Sep2012).RachelDavidNATUREREVIEWS
8、MICROBIOLOGYVOLUME10
9、NOVEMBER2012?2012MacmillanPublishersLimited.Allrightsreserved
