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1、完形填空題型綜合考查學(xué)生語言知識運(yùn)用和閱讀理解能力,是廣大學(xué)生倍感畏懼的題型。很多學(xué)生都會(huì)問老師怎樣才能做好完形填空這道題,多數(shù)的回答要么很理論,要么很籠統(tǒng),學(xué)生聽后感覺還是模糊不清。本人通過多年的學(xué)習(xí)、思考和總結(jié),歸納出了多種解題方法:順勢承接法,逆向推導(dǎo)法,邏輯推理法,情景排除法,詞語搭配法,詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)法,主旨匹配法,首句聯(lián)想法,呼應(yīng)對照法,語氣判定法等。下面就結(jié)合高考實(shí)例介紹其中的幾種方法,希望大家指正。1.順勢承接法完形填空的某些空白前,有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)或多或少的設(shè)空依據(jù),就是所謂的“伏筆”或“鋪墊”。
2、優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生在閱讀過程中會(huì)根據(jù)這些伏筆或鋪墊,對下文順勢進(jìn)行判斷和推測,心中往往能預(yù)想到答案,并且在閱讀過程中對預(yù)想答案不斷進(jìn)行修正。[例1](2010年高考北京卷)mrs.neidlwouldaskmeformy??37?.shewantedtoknowhowithoughtweshould??38??things.atfirstihadnoideahowtoanswerbecauseiknew??39??aboutstagedesign!butislowlybegantorespondtoher??4
3、0?.itwascauseandeffect:shebelievedihadopinions,soibeganto??41??them.shetrustedmetocompletethings,soicompletedthemperfectly.shelovedhow??42??iwas,soibegantoshowuptopaintmoreandmore.shebelievedinme,soibegantobelieveinmyself.37.a.opinion??????b.impression??
4、??c.information????d.intention38.a.make????????b.keep??????????c.handle????????d.change39.a.anything??????b.something?????c.everything?????d.nothing40.a.questions?????b.comments?????c.explanations???d.remarks41.a.hold?????????b.follow????????c.evaluate??
5、?????d.form42.a.happy????????b.lively?????????c.reliable???????d.punctual解析:根據(jù)前文的伏筆wouldaskmeformy…;howtoanswer,用順勢承接法可推知40答案分別為a。根據(jù)前面的shebelievedihadopinions,順勢可推知41為d(形成自己的看法)。[例2]onemorning,theboycametorobertwithabeautifulmapofanisland.robert??44???th
6、attheboyhaddrawnalargecrossinthemiddleof??45?.“what'sthat?”heasked.“that'sthe??46??treasure,”saidtheboy.robertsuddenly??47??somethingofanadventurestoryintheboy's??48?.44.a.doubted????????????????????b.noticed????????????????????c.decided????????????d.rec
7、ognized45.a.thesea????????b.thehouse?????????c.scotland???????d.theisland46.a.forgotten??????b.buried????????????c.discovered?????d.unexpected47.a.saw??????????b.drew????????????c.made???????????d.learned48.a.book?????????b.reply????????????c.picture????
8、??????d.mind解析:根據(jù)前文的伏筆abeautifulmapofanisland,用順勢承接法可推知45題和48題的答案分別為d和c。??????2.逆向推導(dǎo)法完形填空題的選項(xiàng)往往需要考生根據(jù)文章下文提供的暗示進(jìn)行判斷和確定,這就需要考生要想辦法在下文中找出這些暗示或依據(jù),從后往前進(jìn)行推導(dǎo)。此即我們常說的“瞻前顧后”中的“顧后”。[例1](2010年高考湖北卷)thepassengersonthebuswatchedwithsym