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1、摘要能源危機(jī)和環(huán)境污染是當(dāng)今世界可持續(xù)發(fā)展所面臨的兩大根本問題,混合動力汽車在技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境等方面具有綜合優(yōu)勢,是目前緩解這兩個(gè)問題的有效途徑。城市客車在各個(gè)城市中承擔(dān)著人口流動的任務(wù),應(yīng)用廣泛,數(shù)量眾多。同時(shí)城市客車的運(yùn)行工況特殊,城市中信號燈多,站點(diǎn)之間距離短,運(yùn)行路線固定,城市客車頻繁的起步,加速,制動,怠速時(shí)間長,平均運(yùn)行速度低。由于汽車設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)需要滿足最高行駛車速和最大爬坡度等動力性要求,需要裝備大功率發(fā)動機(jī),使得城市客車經(jīng)常處于功率過剩狀態(tài),造成了嚴(yán)重的能源浪費(fèi)和環(huán)境污染。本文以運(yùn)用于城市公交系
2、統(tǒng)的傳統(tǒng)客車6100為研究對象,將其改裝為混合動力城市客車。本文首先分析并比較了串聯(lián)式、并聯(lián)式以及混聯(lián)式混合動力客車的驅(qū)動結(jié)構(gòu)、類型和使用范圍,確定了混合動力客車驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的布置型式;通過對我國典型城市公交車循環(huán)工況的分析,制定了混合動力城市客車性能指標(biāo),并對所研究的混合動力客車的總體方案進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),據(jù)此對發(fā)動機(jī)、電機(jī)、傳動系的參數(shù)進(jìn)行了匹配,初步確定了各部件的參數(shù)。油電混合動力汽車融合了傳統(tǒng)燃油汽車和純電動汽車的優(yōu)點(diǎn),具有傳統(tǒng)內(nèi)燃機(jī)車動力性好和電動汽車清潔環(huán)保的特點(diǎn),能夠有效的降低能源消耗,減少污染排放,具
3、有重要的研究意義。關(guān)鍵詞:混合動力;城市客車;動力系統(tǒng);參數(shù)匹配;人機(jī)工程學(xué)ABSTRACTEnergyshortageandenvironmentpollutionaretwoseriousproblemsthatcanpreventtheworldfromdevelopingforwardrapidly.InthiscaseHEV’S(hybridelectricvehicle)arethekeytosolvetheproblems.Ithasadvantagesinmanyfields,suchast
4、echnology,economyandenvironmentCitybusisbearingthetaskofthemovementofthepopulation.Citybusiswidelyusedandthenumberislarge.Theusingconditionofcitybusisspecial、therearemanysignallights、shortdistancebetweensites、fixedroutes,frequentlystarting,accelerating,bra
5、king,longidletime,lowaveragespeedandsoon.Asthevehicleneedstomeettherequirementofthehighestspeedandmaximumclimbingdegreewhiledesigning,usuallyahigh-powerengineisequipped,makingthecitybusinpowersurplusstate,resultinginaseriousenergywasteandenvironmentpolluti
6、on.Thispaperbasesonthetraditionalbus6100usinginthecitytrafficsystem,andrefitittobeHEB(hybridelectricbus).Thepaperfirstlyanalyzedandcomparedthedrivestructure,typeandscopeofapplicationofSHEV,PHEVandPSHEV,andmadesurethelayoutpatternofHEBdrivesystem;bystudying
7、statisticaldataoftypicalChinesecitybusdrivingcycle,itformulatedtheperformanceindexforHEB,andthestudyofhybridbusdesigntheoverallprogram,accordingtotheengine,motor,drivesystemmatchingparameters,initiallysettheparametersofeachcomponent.Hybridelectricvehicleco
8、mbinesthetraditionalfuelvehiclesandpureelectricvehiclesadvantageseffectivelyreduceenergyconsumptionandreduceemissions.Itismeaningfultostudyonhybridvehicles.Keywords:Hybrid;ElectricBus;DynamicSystem;ParameterM