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1、閱讀理解(猜詞訓(xùn)練)根據(jù)上下文正確猜出生詞詞義:1.根據(jù)定義或解釋說明猜測生詞的詞義1)根據(jù)定義或解釋說明猜測詞義在be或becalled等判斷詞出現(xiàn)的判斷句中,生詞是被解釋說明的表語,或是用來下定義的主語。①Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.②Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.定語從句或同位語對其先行詞起修飾或解釋說明的作用,有助于猜出該先行詞的詞義。③Mod
2、ernmedicinebeganwiththestethoscope,amedicaltoolusedforlisteningtothemovementsofaperson’slungsandhisheartbeats.④Perhapsthemostastonishingtheorycomesoutofthemedicalresearchofkinesics,thestudyofbodymovementwhichwassuggestedbythefamousdoctorandprofessornamedSweeny.有時標點符號中的破折號“——”也可引出
3、起解釋說明作用的同位語或具有同義的短語或從句。⑤Downfromtheskycameadarkfunnel-like(漏斗狀的)cloud.Thisdarkcloudreachedthegroundallofasudden.Thisterribletornado—awindwhichwentroundandroundasfastas500milesanhourandpickedupeverythinginitspath,suchaslargetrees,carsandevenhouses.只要讀懂以上五句話,猜出carpenter的詞義是“木匠”,mos
4、quito的詞義是“蚊子”,stethoscope的詞義是“聽診器”,kinesics的詞義是“人體運動學(xué)”,而tornado的詞義是“龍卷風(fēng)”應(yīng)是完全可能的。2.根據(jù)對比關(guān)系猜測生詞的詞義在but,however,yet,otherwise或though這些表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞出現(xiàn)的句子中,其前后的詞有明顯的對比關(guān)系。根據(jù)已知的內(nèi)容,通過這種對比關(guān)系,很容易猜出生詞的詞義,例如:①Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.②Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewoth
5、eractionsareinnate.③ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.④Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.⑤Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft(n.偷竊).通過上面各句的對比,不
6、難猜出dissent的意義是:不同意,不贊同;innate的詞義是:天生的;grubby的詞義是骯臟的;thrifty的詞義是:節(jié)儉的;innocent的詞義是:無辜的。3.通過因果關(guān)系猜測詞義because,since與as是連結(jié)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞,so是連結(jié)表示結(jié)果的并列句的連詞,so…that與such…that的中that是連結(jié)結(jié)果狀語從句的。當這些信息詞出現(xiàn)在有生詞的句中,通過因果關(guān)系,依據(jù)已知部分,就能猜出生詞的詞義,例如:①Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthb
7、ecauseitisveryelastic.②Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.③He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.④Turgidwiththewaterofthemelting(融化的)snow,theriverswouldsoonoverflowtheirbanks.⑤Shewantedthehairdresser(美發(fā)師)totrimherhairabitbecause
8、itwastoolong.通過上面五個句子的因果關(guān)系,依據(jù)已知部分,可以猜出el