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1、摘要本文是關于漢代巴蜀地區(qū)出土的吹笛胡人形象的研究,筆者運用考古和文獻資料,結合圖像學與歷史學的研究方法,在梳理考古資料的基礎上,系統(tǒng)分析吹笛胡人形象的構成要素,探究胡人吹笛者所扮演的社會角色及其背后蘊藏的文化意涵?!昂恕笔菨h代墓室繪畫、雕塑中一類特殊的人物形象,其造型多樣、內涵豐富?!按档押恕笔瞧浔姸嘀黝}之一,他們頭戴尖頂小帽、身著交領長服、深目高鼻、顴骨突出、雙手豎執(zhí)一根細長的笛管。這樣一類形象主要由陶俑、畫像磚石、陶樓裝飾等形式表現(xiàn),且呈現(xiàn)出明顯的區(qū)域分布特征和時代特點。從目前發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況來看,此類材料集中分布于漢代巴蜀地區(qū)。對此形象進行系統(tǒng)而全面的梳理,對于
2、研究漢代的民族關系、喪葬思想和音樂文化都具有重要的意義。漢代巴蜀地區(qū)的吹笛胡人形象,一方面繼承了以尖頂帽和深目高鼻來表征胡人身份的傳統(tǒng);另一方面也在其發(fā)型、衣衽、衣袖等細節(jié)之處有所變化;其手中所執(zhí)的樂器,并非現(xiàn)代意義上的簫,而是受其他民族樂器的影響而加以改良,且胡人擅長吹奏的笛。吹笛胡人形象反映了漢代視死如生和引魂升仙的喪葬思想,根據(jù)其在墓葬中所處的位置,以及與其他伴出隨葬品之間的組合搭配可以判斷,吹笛胡人在漢代社會中主要扮演著宴飲樂師和引魂胡巫這兩類角色。關鍵詞漢代,巴蜀,吹笛胡人ABSTRACTThisarticleisonresearchoftheimageof
3、pipingHuinBashuareasintheHanDynasty.Theauthorusesabundantarchaeologicalandhistoricalmaterials,combinesIconologyandhistorymethods,andsystematicallyanalyzestheelementsoftheimageofpipingHuinordertoexplorethesocialroleandhiddenculturalcontentofthepiper.‘‘Hu’’isaspecialimagefromtheburialcham
4、berpaintingsandsculpturesintheHanDynasty,withdiversedesignandplentifulconnotation.“ThepipingHu"isonethemeoftheHuimage,theyhavedeepeyes,highnoseandhighcheekbones,wearpeakedcapsandcross—collaredlongclothes,andbothhandsverticallyholdaslenderpipe.Thiskindofimageexistsonthepotteryfigurines,p
5、ortraitbricksandstones,andpotterybuildingdecorationsetc.withregionaldistributionanderacharacteristics,mostlyappearedinBashuareasintheHanDynastyaccordingthepresenthistoricalmaterials.Thecomprehensiveandsystematicalcombingoftheimagehasprofoundmeaningsfortheresearchofnationalrelations,fune
6、ralthoughts,musicandcultureintheHanDynasty.TheimageofpipingHuinBashuareasintheHanDynastyinheritsthetraditionalappearanceofHufeaturedondeepeyes,highnose,highcheekbonesandpeakedcaps,meanwhile,ithaschangesindetailsofhairstyle,hem,andsleeves.Theinstrumentintheirhandsisnotthefluteinmodemsens
7、e,buttheoneaftermodificationundertheinfluenceofothernationalinstruments.Besides,itispipethatHuaregoodatplaying.TheimageofpipingHureflectsthefuneralthoughtsofviewingbirthasdeathandleadingupthesoul.Basedonthelocationoftheburialchamberandthecombinationofotherburialobjects,theau、th