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1、摘要本文研究對(duì)象是功臣號(hào),主要研究功臣號(hào)從唐前期特殊情況下授予到唐末頻繁授予的歷史過程中,功臣號(hào)是如何漸漸演進(jìn)以至于宋代時(shí)有了制度規(guī)定。文章以功臣號(hào)發(fā)展時(shí)間為序,對(duì)有功臣號(hào)授予的玄宗、肅宗、代宗、德宗、僖宗、昭宗六朝展開討論。從而勾勒出唐代功臣號(hào)的起源、發(fā)展歷程。第一章主要討論功臣號(hào)的緣起以及唐初功臣號(hào)授予的整體狀況。首先定義功臣號(hào)的概念,其次追溯功臣號(hào)的起源時(shí)間,再次探討其最初授予時(shí)的情況。具體分析功臣號(hào)授予何人、授予原因、授予目的,以及功臣號(hào)對(duì)于接受者的意義。玄宗朝“唐元功臣”的授予范圍比較小,只限于皇帝身邊的宿衛(wèi)軍,人數(shù)也只在十?dāng)?shù)人左右
2、。另外,“唐元功臣”以年號(hào)為名。這是此階段功臣號(hào)授予的特點(diǎn)。第二章探討唐代中后期主要是有功臣號(hào)授予的肅宗、代宗、德宗時(shí)期的功臣號(hào)授予情況,著重看功臣號(hào)在中后期發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)以及特點(diǎn)。肅宗在安史之亂中即位靈武,玄宗、肅宗外逃所跟從并有功者稱之為“蜀郡元從功臣”、“靈武元從功臣”。代宗朝功臣號(hào)以年號(hào)為名賜名“寶應(yīng)功臣”。另外,在吐蕃入侵京師倉惶逃難時(shí),還授予以宦官為主的“陜州元從”稱號(hào)。德宗朝奉天定難功臣的大規(guī)模出現(xiàn),是功臣號(hào)發(fā)展過程中決定性的一環(huán)。以往的唐元功臣,還有寶應(yīng)功臣人數(shù)都不多,而奉天定難功臣大規(guī)模封賜。此后“元從”稱謂不再出現(xiàn),到唐末只有
3、功臣號(hào)不見元從稱號(hào)了。第三章著重分析唐末僖宗、昭宗時(shí)期功臣號(hào)的授予情況。功臣號(hào)開始以褒揚(yáng)性質(zhì)的四六字等美稱為名,且授予范圍之廣,為以后五代十國所延續(xù)。關(guān)鍵詞:唐代,功臣號(hào),功臣ABSTRACTThispapertakesthe“gongchenhao”astheobjectofresearch.ItintendstoclarifyhowthesetitleswereprescribedintheformofstatesystemsinSongdynasty,fromthegrantinginspecialcircumstancesinearl
4、yTangtothefrequentgrantinginlateTang.ThepaperdiscussesthespecificsituationofXuanZong,SuZong,DaiZong,DeZong,XiZongandZhaoZongbythesequenceofthe“gongchenhao”evolution.Thereby,itaimstosketchouttheoriginandevolutionprocessofthesetitlesI’nTangdynasty.ChapterOnefocusesontheorigin
5、of‘‘gongchenhao’’andtheoverallsituationofthesetitleswhichwereawardedinearlyTangdynasty.Firstly,thischapterdefinestheconceptof‘‘gongchenhao”;secondly,ittracestheoriginaltimeof“gongchenhao’’:finally,itexplorestheinitialsituationwhen“gongchenhao”wasawarded.Thischapteranalyzest
6、heobjects,reasons,purposesandsignificanceforthegrantingof“gongchenhao”.Therangeforgrantingof“TangYuanGongChen’’isrelativelysmallintheperiodofXuanZong,whichisconfinedtothemembersoftheOldGuardArmy;onlyabouttenpeopletotally.Inaddition,“TangYuanGongChen’’isnamedafterthetitlewhi
7、chisthecharacteristicofthosetitlesconferredinthisstage.ChapterTwodiscussesthesituationof“gongchenhao’’whichwereawardedinlateTangdynasty,mainlyreferringtotheperiodofSuZong,DaiZongandDeZong.ThischapterfocusesonthedevelopmentandcharacteristicofthesetitlesinlateTangdynasty.SuZo
8、ngascendedthethroneinLing’wuduringtheAn’shiRebellion.WhenXuanZongandSuZongescapedo