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1、油料樹籽油制備生物柴油的工藝研究摘要由于環(huán)境問題和能源問題的日益嚴(yán)重，對可再生能源的開發(fā)已經(jīng)逐步成為當(dāng)今科學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)。生物柴油是以動(dòng)、植物油脂以及廢棄的油脂為原料與甲醇經(jīng)酯交換反應(yīng)制備的新型替代能源，其主要成分是脂肪酸甲酯。生物柴油具有粘度低、閃點(diǎn)高、十六烷值高、無毒和可生物降解等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而且可以減輕大氣的溫室氣體濃度。對解決地球升溫、酸雨問題、改善人類的生存環(huán)境、實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的意義。本課題以油料樹籽油為原料油，采用固體堿催化劑將油料樹籽油轉(zhuǎn)化為生物柴油。本課題主要分為三個(gè)步驟來研究：第一、與以其他油品為原料來合成生物柴油
2、的工藝參數(shù)做比較得出該工藝的最優(yōu)參數(shù)范圍為：最適醇油比的范圍為4?:1~12:1，催化劑的用量的范圍為4wt%~12wt%，反應(yīng)溫度的范圍為60℃~80℃和反應(yīng)時(shí)間的范圍為90min~180min。第二、假定反應(yīng)時(shí)間為180min?，通過單因素法設(shè)計(jì)出13組實(shí)驗(yàn)粗略得出植物籽油制備生物柴油的最優(yōu)工藝參數(shù)為最適醇油比為9?:1，催化劑的用量為6wt%，反應(yīng)溫度65℃。第三、在此基礎(chǔ)上通過Box-Behnken法設(shè)計(jì)出13組實(shí)驗(yàn)得出該工藝的最優(yōu)工藝參數(shù)為：醇油比為9.9:1，催化劑用量為4wt%，反應(yīng)溫度為71.23℃，反應(yīng)時(shí)間為60min。
3、關(guān)鍵詞：生物柴油,籽油，固體堿催化劑，Box-Behnken法24BIODIESELPRODUCTIONFROMENERGY-TREESEEDOILABSTRACTAsenvironmentalissuesandenergyissuesbecameserious,thedevelopmentofrenewableenergyhasattractedmoreandmoreattentionbypresentresearcher.Biodieselisoneofthealternativestopetroleumfuelanditcanbep
4、roducedthroughtrans-esterificationofvegetableoil,animalfatsandrecyclegreaseswithmethanolinthepresenceofacatalyst.Themaincomponentofbiodieselisfattyacidmethylesters.Biodieselhasmanyadvantages:lowviscosity,highflashpoint,highcetanenumber,non-toxicandbiodegradable,anditcanre
5、ducegreenhousegasesreleasetotheatmosphereduringtheutilization.Itisofagreatsignificanceforsolvingtheglobalwarmingproblemandreductionofacidrain,protectingenvironmentandachievingsustainableeconomicdevelopment.Inthisstudy,seedoilwasusedasthefeedstock.Themainsubjectofthisstudy
6、isdividedintothreeparts:Thefirst,theparametersoftheproductionofbiodieselwassettledasbelow:themolarratiosofmethanoltooilisintherangeof4:1~12:1,quantityofacidcatalystisintherangeof4wt%~12wt%,reactiontemperatureisintherangeof60℃~80℃andreactiontimerangesfrom90min~180min.These
7、cond,13experimentsweredesignedbythesinglefactormethodtodeterminetheoptimalparameters.After180minreaction,acidvaluesofreactedmixtureweredetectedandtheresultsshowedthattheoptimalconditionsofbiodieselproductionare:molarratiosofmethanoltooil,9:1;loadedacidcatalyst,6wt%;reacti
8、ontemperature,65℃.Thelast,basedontheaboveresults,13experimentswereobtainedbyBOX-Behnkendesignand
