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1、船舶建造合同論文：論船舶建造合同的“倒簽”問題【中文摘要】船舶建造合同的“倒簽”是2007年初至2009年初普遍出現(xiàn)在國內(nèi)造船業(yè)界的一種現(xiàn)象。2008年底航運(yùn)市場和新造船市場隨著全球金融危機(jī)的爆發(fā)而暴跌后,陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)了一些涉及“倒簽”問題的船舶建造合同的爭議,這些爭議主要集中在船東質(zhì)疑此類合同在其準(zhǔn)據(jù)法下的法律效力。上述“倒簽”現(xiàn)象是在特殊市場環(huán)境下,受造船企業(yè)自身條件所限和受船舶建造合同各當(dāng)事方的商業(yè)利益驅(qū)使而產(chǎn)生的,其產(chǎn)生的背景比較復(fù)雜;船舶建造合同的“倒簽”實際上是各當(dāng)事方共同操作的結(jié)果,應(yīng)屬于合同約定的一部分。因此,即使“倒簽
2、”的確會給船舶建造合同帶來一定的法律缺陷,影響到合同的強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行力,但船東作為參與“倒簽”的一方并不能以“倒簽”為正當(dāng)理據(jù)來推翻合同、并索回預(yù)付款;而船東這么做的真正是為了在市場下跌時借助“倒簽”問題來向船廠施壓,逼迫船廠做出價格折讓。為此,對于那些手持訂單中仍存有“倒簽”合同的造船企業(yè),建議一方面應(yīng)注重文字證據(jù)的整理和收集,為一旦訴諸法律有所準(zhǔn)備;另一方面應(yīng)注意把握船舶建造現(xiàn)場工作的主動權(quán),確保船舶在相關(guān)期限屆臨前達(dá)到完工狀態(tài)。【英文摘要】The“back-dated”shipbuildingcontractswerephenome
3、nonthatcanbewidelyfoundinChineseshipbuildingindustryduringtheperiodbetweenearly2007andearly2009.Rightaftertheshippingandshipbuildingmarkets’crisisoccurredinend2008,thedisputesrelatedtosuch“back-dated”shipbuildingcontractsbecametoemergeinsuccession,andamongwhichthemajor
4、itywasoppugningbytheshipownerstowardsthelegaleffectofsuch“back-dated”shipbuildingcontractsundertheirappliedlaw.Aforementioned“backdating”phenomenonwasoccurredunderaspecificmarketenvironment,andthe“back-dated”shipbuildingcontractswereattributedtotheshipbuilders’innerres
5、trictionsandwereimpelledbythecommercialinterestoftheconcernedparties;the“back-dated”shipbuildingcontractswereasamatteroffactproducedbyalltheconcernedpartiesinvolvedin,andtheythereforeshouldbeconsideredasapartofthecontractualagreement.And,consequently,althougha“back-dat
6、ed”shipbuildingcontractwassomehowdefectiveinviewoflaw,i.e.itmaynotbeenforceableoritsenforceabilitywillbeweakenunderitsappliedlaw,the“backdating”couldnotberegardedasajustifiedreasonfortheshipownertorescindedtheshipbuildingcontractandsequentiallyrequestforrefundment.Thes
7、hipowner’srealpurposefordoingso,however,wastocompeltheshipbuilderattheeraofmarketcrisisinmakingpricereductions.Inconsiderationoftheforgoing,fortheshipbuilderswhostillhaving“back-dated”shipbuildingcontractsintheirorderbook,theyshouldi)paymoreattentionincollectingthedocu
8、mentalevidences,sothattohavethemselveswellpreparedforenteringlawsuitasincase;andii)moreactivelycontroltheirbuildingpr
