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1、農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報2010,29(1):163—167JournalofAgro—EnvironmentScience松花江沉積物重金屬形態(tài)賦存特征研究張鳳英1,2,3,閻百興1,朱立祿(1.中國科學(xué)院東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所,長春130012;2.中國科學(xué)院地理科學(xué)與資源研究所,北京100101;3.中國科學(xué)院研究生院,北京100039)摘要:采用Tessier連續(xù)提取法分析了松花江表層沉積物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn4種重金屬的賦存形態(tài),并結(jié)合次生相富集系數(shù)法,探討了沉積物中重金屬的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險及來源。結(jié)果表明,沉積物中C
2、u以殘渣態(tài)為主(高于50%),其次為有機質(zhì)結(jié)合態(tài),從上游至下游,沉積物中Cu形態(tài)的穩(wěn)定程度逐漸增加;沿程所有沉積物樣品中可交換態(tài)Pb的含量均高于當?shù)爻练e物背景值,存在較高的可遷移性和二次釋放風(fēng)險;在二松大部分江段和松花江干流,zn主要以比較穩(wěn)定的殘渣態(tài)存在,不存在二次釋放污染水體的風(fēng)險;Mn的有效態(tài)含量均在流域沉積物背景值范圍之內(nèi)。對重金屬次生相富集系數(shù)的研究表明,沿程沉積物中Cu、Pb均有一定程度的富集,主要來源于人為輸入;Zn在二松中下游的哈達灣至松原江段有一定的富集,其余江段人為輸入的zn較少;沉積物中的Mn主要為自
3、然來源。關(guān)鍵詞:松花江;沉積物;重金屬;形態(tài);次生相富集系數(shù)中圖分類號X522:文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1672—2043(2010)01—0163—05SpeciationofHeavyMetalsinSedimentoftheSonghuaRiver,NortheastofChinaZHANGFeng-yin91,2,3,YANBai-xin91,ZHULi-lul,3(1.NortheastInstituteofGeographyandAgriculturalEcology,CAS,Changchun130012,C
4、hina;2.InstituteofGeographyScienceandNaturalResourceResearch,CAS,Beijing100101,China;3.GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100039,China)Abstract:ThechemicalpartitioningofCu,Pb,ZnandMninthesurfacesedimentsofSonghuaRiverweredeterminedbytheTessiersequ
5、en-tialextractionmethod.Thechemicalspeciationcharacteristics,pollutionstateandpotentialecologicaleffectsoftheheavymetalsweredis-cussedcombiningwiththephaseenrichmentfactorsanalysis.TheresultsshowedthatCumainlyexistedinresidualfraction,accountingformorethan50%ofits
6、totalcontent;andtheorganicfractionrankedthesecond.ThestabilityofCuinthedownstreamsedimentswashigherthanthatoftheupstreamsediment.Inallthesedimentsamples,thecontentofexchangeablefractionofPbwashigherthanitsbackgroundvalue,whichwaseasilymobileandcouldbringecological
7、risktothewaterecologicalsystemagain,andshouldbepaidmoreattentionto.ZninmostsedimentofthesecondarySonghuaRiverandtheSonghuaRiverwasmainlyassociatedwiththeresidualfraction,andthenwouldnotpollutetheriverheavily.ThecontentofeffectiveMnwaslowerthanitsbackgroundvalueofM
8、ninSonghuaRiver.Theresultsofphaseenrich-mentfactorsanalysisindicatedthatCuandPbaccumulatedinthesedimenttosomedegree,whileZnpollutionmainlyexistedfromthe