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1、農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報2010,29(3):521—526JournalofAgro—EnvironmentScience蘇北灘涂區(qū)施肥對菊芋生長和土壤氮素累積的影響趙秀芳1,楊勁松1,蔡彥明2,姚榮江1,李冬順1,韓建均1,3(1.中國科學(xué)院南京土壤研究所,南京210008;2,農(nóng)業(yè)部環(huán)境保護(hù)科研監(jiān)測所,天津300191;3.南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院,南京210095)摘要:通過在蘇北灘涂區(qū)開展的田間試驗,分析了不同施肥量對菊芋地下、地上干物質(zhì)累積,及對土壤銨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮的累積及其動態(tài)變化過程的影響。結(jié)果表明,氮素是蘇北沿海灘涂菊芋
2、生長的關(guān)鍵限制因子,增施氮肥可以顯著提高菊芋地下和地上干物質(zhì)的積累。在氮肥供應(yīng)充足情況下,適當(dāng)增施磷肥(75kg·hIIr2)可以增加菊芋地下和地上干物質(zhì)的積累。施氮量小于150kg·hrIr2時,土壤中氮素處于凈消耗狀態(tài),施氮量225kg·hm。2時,不僅可以獲得菊芋地下和地上干物質(zhì)的最大產(chǎn)量,且有助于土壤氮素的累積。硝態(tài)氮是蘇北沿海灘土壤氮素淋失的主要形態(tài),且降水是導(dǎo)致硝態(tài)氮淋失的重要原因。隨施氮量增加,土壤氮素淋失的風(fēng)險加大。關(guān)鍵詞:蘇北灘涂;菊芋;施肥;地下生物量;地上生物量;氮素累積;養(yǎng)分淋失中圖分類號:S181文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志
3、碼:A文章編號:1672—2043(20LO)03—0521—06EffectsofFertilizationontheGrowthofJerusalema以ichokeandSoilNitrogenAccumulationintheCoastalAreaofNorthJiangsuProvinceZHA0Xiu—fan91,YANGJin—son91,CAIYan—ruin92,YAORong-jian91,LIDong—shunl,HANJian-junl’3(1.InstituteofSoilScience,ChineseA
4、cademyofSciences,Naming210008,China;2.Agro—EnvironmentalProtectionInstituteofMinistryofA—griculture,Tianjin300191,China;3.CollegeofResourceandEnvironmentScience,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing210095,China)Abstract:Basedonthefieldexperimentconductedinthecoastalar
5、eaofNorthJiangsuProvince,tlleeffectsofdifferentfertilizerlevelsonthedrymatteraccumulationsofJergsa!emartichokeunder—andabove—ground,andontheaccumulationsanddynamicsofammoniunlnitrogenandnitratenitrogenwereanalyzed.Resultsshowedthatnitrogenwasthekeylimitingfactorforthe
6、growthofJerusalemartichokeinthestudyarea.a(chǎn)ndincreasinguseofnitrogenfertilizationcouldsignificantlyimprovethedrymatteraccumulationonunder—andabove—ground.Ap—propriatephosphorusfertilizer(75kg·hm。2)couldincreasethedrymatteraccumulationsofJerusalemanichokeonunder—andabov
7、e—ground.underanadequatesupplyinnitrogen.Soilnitrogenwasinanetconsumptionasnitrogenwaslessthantherateof150kg‘hm。2.NotonlymaximaldrymatteraccumulationsofJerusalemartichokeonunder—andabove—groundwereobtained,butalsonitrogenwasaccumulatedinthesoilatthenitrogenratemoretha
8、n150kg·hm。2.Nitratenitrogenwasthemainleachingformofnitrogeninthestudyarea.Nitratenitrogenleachingwasaffectedbyrainfall,theth