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1、廣西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)2010。41(8):745—748GuangxiA撕culturalSciences·745·CIMMYT玉米種質(zhì)在廣西玉米育種中的應(yīng)用陳天淵,盧森權(quán),李彥青,黃詠梅,吳翠榮,李慧峰,馬琳(廣西玉米研究所。南寧530227)摘要:自20世紀(jì)70年代以來,廣西從國際小麥玉米改良中心(cIMMYT)引進(jìn)大量玉米種質(zhì)資源,通過對這些種質(zhì)資源進(jìn)行篩選鑒定,篩選出表現(xiàn)較好的墨白1號(Tuxpen01)和墨白94(TuxpenolP.B.C15)、墨黃9號(AmarilloDenmdo一2)、CMLl61、C
2、ML285、CML268等;經(jīng)改良利用,選育出一系列適宜廣西種植的玉米品種如玉美頭102、玉美頭168、桂單系列、桂頂系列以及黃粒群體等。今后,需繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)外來種質(zhì)的引進(jìn)、保存和利用,保持引進(jìn)種質(zhì)的原有種性,利用其有利性狀改良本地品種;加強(qiáng)對外來玉米種質(zhì)進(jìn)行遺傳類群劃分,為自交系的改良、雜交優(yōu)勢的組配以及基礎(chǔ)材料的選擇提供理論依據(jù),以減少育種上的盲目性;協(xié)調(diào)對外來種質(zhì)高產(chǎn)和優(yōu)質(zhì)性狀的篩選,并利用分子生物技術(shù)對這些性狀進(jìn)行改良創(chuàng)新,為選育高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)玉米品系提供優(yōu)異材料;通過與國內(nèi)其他研究單位的合作與交流,加強(qiáng)玉米種質(zhì)
3、的交換,并進(jìn)行異地培育或鑒定,擴(kuò)大玉米種質(zhì)的遺傳變異,從而提高玉米新品種的選育效率。關(guān)鍵詞:玉米種質(zhì);育種;應(yīng)用;CIMMYT;廣西中圖分類號:S513.024文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A文章編號:1002—8161(20LO)08—0745—04ApplicationofCIMMYTgermplasminmaizebreedinginGuangxiCHENTian-yuan,LUSen-quan,LIYan-qing,HUANGYong-mei,WUCui-rong,LIHui-feng,MALin(GuangxiMaiz
4、eResearchInstitute,Nanning530227,China)Abstract:AgreatnumberofmaizegermplasmresourcesfromCIMMYThavebeenintroducedinGuangxisince1970s.Throughscreeningandidentificationofthesegermplasmresoul'ces,somefinemaizematerials,v/z.,Tuxpeno,TuxponolP.B.C15,AmarilloDenta
5、do-2,CMLl61,CML285andCML268wereobtained.Byfurtherimprovementinthesematerials,aseriesofmaizevarietiessuitableforplantinginGuangxiwerebred.TheseincludeYumeitou102,Yumeitou168,varietiesofGuidanandGuidingseries,yellowgrainpopulation,etc.Moreemphasiswouldbegiveno
6、ntheintroductionandapplicationofexternalgermplasminthefuture.Bykeepingtheoriginalcharacteristicsofexternalgermplasm,theirsuperiortraitsmustbeexploitedtoimproveinferiortraitsofnativemaizevarieties.Thegeneticcharacterizationofexternalmaizegermplasmshouldbecarr
7、iedoutinordertoprovideinformationforimprovementofinbredline,combinationofheterosisandselectionofbasicmaterials.Thescreeningofhish—yieldandgood-grainqualitytraitsinexternalgermplasmshouldbecoordinatedandthesetraitsshouldbeimprovedbymolecularbiologicaltechnolo
8、gytoprovidefinematerialsinbreedinghigh-yieldandgood-grainqualitymaizevarietiesorlines.Throughcooperationandcommunicationwithotherresearchinstitutes,theexchangeofmaizegermplasmshouldbepracticedto