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1、JournalofPhysicsA:MathematicalandTheoreticalLETTERNonlinearplasmawavesinanelectrongasTocitethisarticle:EugeneBKolomeisky2018J.Phys.A:Math.Theor.5135LT02Viewthearticleonlineforupdatesandenhancements.ThiscontentwasdownloadedfromIPaddress117.165.40.53on03/09/2
2、018at09:02IOPJournalofPhysicsA:MathematicalandTheoreticalJ.Phys.A:Math.Theor.JournalofPhysicsA:MathematicalandTheoreticalJ.Phys.A:Math.Theor.51(2018)35LT02(8pp)https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/aad14251Letter2018Nonlinearplasmawavesinanelectrongas?2018IOPPu
3、blishingLtdJPHAC5Eugene?B?KolomeiskyDepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofVirginia,POBox400714,Charlottesville,VA35LT0222904-4714,UnitedStatesofAmericaE-mail:ek6n@virginia.eduEBKolomeiskyReceived17April2018,revised14June2018Acceptedforpublication5July2018Nonlinea
4、rplasmawavesinanelectrongasPublished20July2018AbstractPrintedintheUKThenatureoftravelingwavesolutionstoequations?ofhydrodynamicsofa3DelectrongaswithparabolicdispersionlawdependsonwhetherthemotionJPAissubsonicorsupersonic.Solitonsrepresentinglocalizeddepress
5、ionsoftheelectrostaticpotentialandelectrondensityarepredictedtoexistinthesubsonicregime:atrestthesolitonsaredarkwhileinmotiontheyaregrey.10.1088/1751-8121/aad142Twotypesofperiodicwavesarefoundinthesupersonicregime:(i)smoothwaveswhosesmallamplitudelimitisdes
6、cribedbyharmonictheory,and(ii)waveswithsharptroughsandsmoothcrestsofthepotentialwiththeelectronsaccumulatinginthetroughs.1751-8121Keywords:nonlinearwaves,plasmons,solitons,electrongas(Somefigures?mayappearincolouronlyintheonlinejournal)Aninteractingelectron
7、gasinthepresenceofauniformpositivelychargedbackgroundisoneoftheparadigmsthathasframedourunderstandingofthephysicsofmetalsanddopedsemiconductors[1–3].Itprovidesareasonableapproximationtorealmaterials,correctlycap-turingtheground-stateproperties,screening,and
8、theexcitationspectrum.Long-wavelengthpropertiesoftheelectrongascanbederivedfromamacroscopictheory[4–6]thatdatesbacktoBloch’shydrodynamicgeneralizationoftheThomas–Fermitheoryofaneutralatom[7].Inthisappr
