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1、Module4Unit3LanguageinuseReadthefollowingsentences.Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinaclinicsince1949.Somenewoilfieldshavebeenopenedupsince1976.IhaveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.MybrotherhasbeenintheYouthLeaguefor
2、twoyears.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時(shí)刻開始、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，多與“since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間”或“for+段時(shí)間”連用。for表示“經(jīng)過(一段時(shí)間)”，而since表示“自從(……以來)”。常見結(jié)構(gòu)如下：Summary現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)---since和for的用法for+表示一段時(shí)間的狀語一段時(shí)間+agosince+表示過去的某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)從句來看幾個(gè)例句吧：Hehaslivedherefor16years.他住在這里有十六年了。Hehaslivedhe
3、resince16yearsago.他從十六年前起就住在這里了。Hehaslivedheresince1991.他從1991年起就住在這里了。Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn.他從出生起就住在這里。在對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語進(jìn)行提問時(shí)，我們常用howlong.Howlonghaveyouplayedbasketball?Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells?---HowlonghasMarybeenateacher?---Sincetwoyearsago.介詞for短語表示
4、一個(gè)時(shí)間段，指某個(gè)動(dòng)作或情況到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多久；since作為介詞，接一個(gè)時(shí)間名詞，作為連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句(從句動(dòng)詞一般是短暫性動(dòng)詞)，since表示“自…以來”，指某個(gè)動(dòng)作或情況從過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，因此，與for或since引出的時(shí)間狀語連用的句子(或主語)謂語動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)性的。英語中有些動(dòng)詞的意義不能持續(xù)，表示的是一瞬間就結(jié)束的動(dòng)作，這些動(dòng)詞被稱為非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，常見的如come,leave,go,lose,see,begin,start,arrive,become,die,buy,bo
5、rrow,close,join,reach,fall,getup等。這類動(dòng)詞可以用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，但在肯定句中不能與表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語for或since短語連用。如：正:Hehascomeback.他已回來。誤:Hehascomebackforthreedays.若要表示“他回來已三天了”這樣的意思，可以將動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，或改變時(shí)間狀語，或改用別的句型等，如譯為：Hehasbeenbackforthreedays.(改變謂語動(dòng)詞)Hehasbeenbacksincethreedaysago.(改變謂語動(dòng)詞)Hecameba
6、ckthreedaysago.(改變時(shí)間狀語及動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài))It’sthreedayssincehecameback.(改變句型)come,go,begin,start,become,join,end,die,buy,arrive,reach,borrow,lend,gettoknow等這些短暫性動(dòng)詞如果要談?wù)撘粋€(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，我們可以使用ago或一般過去時(shí)。如：KittyhasleftBeijingfortwodays.KittyleftBeijingtwodaysago.KittyhasbeenawayfromBe
7、ijingfortwodays.Kittyhasboughtherpursesincelastyear.Kittyboughtherpurseayearago.Kittyhashadherpurseforayear.√√√√在表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的句子中，應(yīng)將短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相同意義的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。初中英語中常見的有：短暫性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞go,leave,movearrive,come,reachjoin,?becomebuy,get(得到)beaway(off),??beoutofbehere,bein+某地bein,?
8、bea(an)+n.have短暫性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞fallill(asleep)finish,endbegin,startbegintolearn(work,read,rain)gooutgetupborrowgettoknowdielosebeill(asleep)beove
