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1、農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào)JournalofAgriculturalResourcesandEnvironment2014年8月·第31卷·第4期:299-307August2014·Vol.31·No.4:299-307東北地區(qū)主要糧食作物對氣候變化的響應(yīng)及其產(chǎn)量效應(yīng)11,212*吳海燕,孫甜田,范作偉,趙蘭坡(1.吉林省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境研究所,吉林長春130033;2.吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院,吉林長春130118)摘要:綜述了在全球氣候變暖背景下,東北地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)氣候資源、農(nóng)業(yè)氣象災(zāi)害的變化特征以及主要農(nóng)作物對氣候變化的響應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明,氣候變暖給東北地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)帶來的影響利弊共存,主要表
2、現(xiàn)為東北地區(qū)主要農(nóng)作物生長季節(jié)溫度升高、熱量資源增加,適宜農(nóng)作物生長的時(shí)期延長、適種區(qū)域擴(kuò)大,為作物的光溫生產(chǎn)潛力以及產(chǎn)量的提高提供了潛在的可能。但由于光照及水資源的限制以及CO2濃度的增加而引發(fā)的溫室效應(yīng),對農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)也產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響。極端天氣事件增加,農(nóng)作物生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化,干旱、洪澇、鹽堿化速度加快,尤其是近幾年受全球變暖的影響,東北地區(qū)主要農(nóng)作物受干旱災(zāi)害的影響最為明顯。降水總量減少和降水分布不均勻,使東北地區(qū)成為受氣候變化影響最敏感和脆弱地區(qū)之一。關(guān)鍵詞:氣候變暖;東北地區(qū);氣候資源;氣象災(zāi)害;農(nóng)作物中圖分類號:S162.5文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號:2095-6819(201
3、4)04-0299-09doi:10.13254/j.jare.2014.0087TheMajorFoodCropsinResponsetoClimateChangeandItsYieldEffectinNortheastofChinaWUHai-yan1,SUNTian-tian1,2,FANZuo-wei1,ZHAOLan-po2*(1.ResearchInstituteofAgriculturalResourcesandEnvironment,JilinAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Changchun130033,China;2.Col原legeofR
4、esourcesandEnvironment,JilinAgriculturalUniversity,Changchun130118,China)Abstract:Thisarticlereviewedtheeffectofclimatechangesonthevariationofagriculturalclimateresources,characteristicsofagriculturaldisasterandtheresponseofthemaincropsinNortheastChinaundertheconditionofglobalwarming.Theresultssh
5、owedthatthereweread原vantagesanddisadvantagestotheeffectsofclimatewarmingonagricultureofChina.ThegrowingtemperatureinmaincropseasoninNorth原eastChina,theincreasingofheatresources,theextendedgrowthperiodandtheexpansionofregionsuitableforcrop,whichwerepotentialpossibleforraisingtheoutputofcropproduct
6、ionandlight-temperaturepotentialproductivity.BecauseofthelightandthelimitationofwaterresourcesandtheincreaseofCO2concentrationwhichwerecausedbythegreenhouseeffect,theyieldandqualityofthecrophadanegativeeffect.Withextremeweathereventsincreasing,agriculturalecologicalenvironmentdeterioration,drough
7、t,floodandwaterlogging,salinizationspeed,themostobviouseffectwasdroughtdisasterinNortheastChina,especiallyfortheeffectofglobalwarminginrecentyears.Withtheto原talamountofprecipitationreductionandprecipitationunevendistri