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1、河南農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2014,43(1):54=58。JournalofHenanAgriculturalSciences測(cè)墑灌溉施肥對(duì)冬小麥光合特性及產(chǎn)量的影響潘曉瑩,武繼承,楊永輝,何方2(1.河南省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)與資源環(huán)境研究所,河南鄭州450002;2.農(nóng)業(yè)部作物高效用水原陽科學(xué)觀測(cè)試驗(yàn)站,河南原陽453514)摘要:為探討水肥耦合的最佳配置,在通許潮土區(qū)進(jìn)行測(cè)墑灌溉與施肥相結(jié)合的水(Wl:不灌水;W2:田間最大持水量的55~6O;W3:田間最大持水量的75~8O;W4:足墑灌溉)肥eN1:一次施肥;N2:多次施肥)
2、耦合試驗(yàn),探討了不同水肥耦合條件對(duì)冬小麥光合特性和產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明,小麥旗葉凈光合速率和蒸騰速率均隨土壤含水量的增加而增加,葉片瞬時(shí)水分利用效率隨土壤含水量的增加呈先增加后降低的趨勢(shì);氮肥對(duì)小麥旗葉凈光合速率、蒸騰速率、瞬時(shí)水分利用效率的影響均受土壤水分調(diào)控,在W1水分條件下氮肥對(duì)其有抑制作用,在其他水分條件下氮肥對(duì)其有促進(jìn)作用。各處理間穗長(zhǎng)、小穗數(shù)、穗粒數(shù)、千粒重、產(chǎn)量均存在顯著差異,產(chǎn)量隨土壤含水量的增加先增加后減少,W3水分條件下最高;氮肥對(duì)小麥產(chǎn)量的影響規(guī)律同旗葉凈光合速率、蒸騰速率、瞬時(shí)水分利用效率,產(chǎn)量以W
3、3N2處理最高,達(dá)9293.19kg/hm2。凈光合速率和蒸騰速率與產(chǎn)量間呈顯著正相關(guān);成產(chǎn)要素與產(chǎn)量間均呈正相關(guān),影響程度表現(xiàn)為小穗數(shù)>穗粒數(shù)>穗長(zhǎng)>千粒重。關(guān)鍵詞:測(cè)墑灌溉;冬小麥;光合特性;產(chǎn)量中圖分類號(hào):$512.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號(hào):1004—3268(2014)01—0054一.05EffectsofIrrigationBasedonTestingSoilMoistureon.PhotosyntheticCharacteristicsandYieldofWinterWheatPANXiao—ying,WUJ
4、i—cheng’弘,YANGYong—hui,HEFang'。(1.InstituteofPlantNutrition&ResourceEnvironment,HenanAcademyofAgriculturalSciences.‘Zhengzhou450002,China;2.YuanyangExperimentalStationofCropWaterUse,MinistryofAgriculture,Yuanyang453514,China)Abstract:Inordertoexploretheoptimalallo
5、cationofwaterandfertilizercoupling。theexperi—mentofirrigationbasedontestingsoilmoistureandfertilizationcouplingwascarriedoutinTongxucountyinalluvialsoilarea,thewaterconditionsincludednoirrigation(W1),55一60ofmaximumfieldcapacity(W2),75一80ofmaximumfieldcapacity(W3),
6、fullirrigation(W4),andthefertilizationconditionsincludedonetimefertilization(N1)andmultiplefertilization(N2),andtheeffectsofwaterandfertilizercouplingonphotosvntheticcharacteristicsandyieldofwinterwheatwerediscussed.TheresultSshowedthatthenetDhotosyntheticrateandt
7、ranspira—tionrateofflag1eafincreasedwiththeincreaseofsoilmoisture,instantaneouswateruseefficien—cyfirstincreasedandthendecreased.Theeffectofnitrogenapplicationonnetphotosyntheticrate,transpirationrateandinstantaneouswateruseefficiencyofflagleafwasdecidedbythesoilm
8、oisture,allofthemdecreasedwiththeincreaseofnitrogenapplicationundernoirrigationcondi—tion,andincreasedundertheotherwaterconditions.Thereweresignificantd