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1、中國油料作物學(xué)報(bào)2014,36(2):206—212ChineseJournalofOilCropSciencesdoi:10.7505/j.issn.1007—9084.2014.02.010玉米株型和幅寬對(duì)套作大豆碳氮代謝及產(chǎn)量的影響王竹,楊文鈺(1.成都農(nóng)業(yè)科技職業(yè)學(xué)院,四JiI成都,611130;2.四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院,四川雅安,625014)摘要:在玉米/大豆套作模式下,采用玉米株型與種植幅寬二因素裂區(qū)設(shè)計(jì),研究了不同田間配置對(duì)套作大豆碳氮代謝與產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明,較大幅寬和緊湊型玉米下,大豆被蔭蔽的程度有所減緩,碳氮代謝變化趨勢(shì)朝著利于產(chǎn)量形成的方向發(fā)展。主要表現(xiàn)為,
2、莖葉中的碳氮含量和關(guān)健酶在各時(shí)期保持在較高的水平;R4期后葉片中的淀粉迅速降解為糖運(yùn)至籽粒,而氮的下降速率緩慢。結(jié)合前期的研究,我們得出,R2是大豆經(jīng)歷光照轉(zhuǎn)換的重要時(shí)期,該時(shí)期植株的碳氮代謝能力對(duì)大豆后期產(chǎn)量的形成起著重要的作用。而R6期大豆表現(xiàn)出來的碳、氮代謝水平,又能一定程度反映產(chǎn)量水平。本試驗(yàn)條件下,對(duì)玉米、大豆兩季作物的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益進(jìn)行分析后得出,利于大豆生長(zhǎng),且保證全年高產(chǎn)、高效的最優(yōu)組合為:與緊湊型玉米套作,大豆幅寬1.17m,玉米幅寬0.83m。關(guān)鍵詞:套作大豆;玉米株型;幅寬;碳氮代謝;產(chǎn)量中圖分類號(hào):$565.1,$344.3文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1007—908
3、4(2014)02—0206—07Efectsofplant——typesofmaizeandplantingwidthoncarbon——nitrogenmetabolismandyieldofrelay——croppingsoybeanWANGZhu.YANGWen—yu(1.ChengduVocationalCollegeofAgriculturalScienceandTechnology,Chengdu611130,China;2.CollegeofAgronomy,SichuanAgriculturalUniversity,Ya’an625014,China)Abstra
4、ct:Fieldexperimentswereconductedtodeterminetheoptimalfieldcombinationthatbenefitedsoybeancarbon—nitrogenmetabolismandyieldin“maize/soybean”relay—croppingsystem.Splitplotdesignwasadopt—ed,withdifferentplant—typesofmaizeasmainplots,plantingwidthassub—plots.Theresultsshowedthatunderlargewidthandr
5、elaycroppingwitherectmaize,shadedamagetosoybeanwasreduced.Thetrendofsoybeancar—bon—nitrogenmetabolismwasbeneficialtohighyield.ThecontentofcarbonandnitrogenandtheactivityofSPSandGSkeptatahighlevelateverygrowingstage.AfterR4,thestarchinleafdegradedintosugarquicklyandtransferredtograin,andthedecr
6、easingrateofnitrogensloweddown.Basisonourpreviousresearchwork,there—sultsuggustedthatR2wasthecrucialstageforsoybeantoexperiencelightchange(maizeharvesttimewasaroundR2),SOthecarbon—nitrogenmetabolismabilityofsoybeanatR2hadastrongimpactforyield.Andthecarbon—nitrogenmetabolismlevelsofsoybeanatR6c
7、ouldpartlyreflectyield.Inconclusion,relay—croppingsoybeanwitherectmaizeinplantingwidth1.17m/0.83m(soybean/maize)wasthebestfieldcombinationthatcouldensurehighyieldandeficiencyallyearround.Keywords:Relay—croppingsoybean;Maizeplant—type;Pl