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1、Modalverbs情態(tài)動(dòng)詞·情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。2)?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?除ought和have外,后面只能接不帶to的不定式。3)?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱,數(shù)的變化,即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。4)?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有非謂語(yǔ)形式,即沒有不定式,分詞,等形式。can,could和beableto的用法Shecan/beabletosingthesonginEnglish.Thismachinecanmakeyoufeelcomfortable.1.can,beableto
2、都可表示“能力”Can的主語(yǔ)是人或物,beableto的主語(yǔ)是人We’llbeabletofinishtheworksoon.Ihaven’tbeenabletoseethefilm.2.can只用于現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式(could)。be?able?to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。could用于表示泛指過(guò)去的能力。如:I?could?read?when?I?was?four.Althoughthesoldierwasbadlywounded,hewasabletotellwhathadhappened.Sheranfastbutshecou
3、ldn’t/wasn’tabletocatchthebus.3.表示特定的某一過(guò)去能力或表示成功地做了某事時(shí),只能用was/were?able?to,?不能用could。Hewas?able?toflee?Europe?before?the?war?broke?out.??Hewas?able?toswim?halfway?before?he?got?tired.表示過(guò)去的能力CouldIhavealookatyournotebook?Yes,youcan./No,?youcan't.4.could不表示時(shí)態(tài),表示委婉的請(qǐng)求,
4、(注意在回答中不可用could)。Canthisnewsbetrue?Howcanyoubesofoolish?Itcan’tbeMary.Shehasfallenill.5.表示“驚異,懷疑,不相信”的態(tài)度(主要用于否定句,疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句中)Lindadidn’tcatchthetrain.Shecouldhavecaughtit.Don't?worry.Theycould?have?just?forgottento?phone.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過(guò)去分詞表示對(duì)過(guò)去某種情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)或?qū)σ寻l(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行推測(cè)can
5、常用于否定句(意思是"不可能已經(jīng)")和疑問(wèn)句;could除用于否定句及疑問(wèn)句外,還可用于肯定句(意思是"那時(shí)可能;本來(lái)可以")。1.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.---It____acomfortablejourney.()A.can'tbeB.mustn'thavebeenC.shouldn'tbeD.couldn'thavebeenD2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybute
6、veryone___getout.()A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasabletoD比較have?to和mustIdon’tlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome.1.表示“必須”這個(gè)意思時(shí),must和have?to稍有區(qū)別。must著重說(shuō)明主觀看法,have?to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。另外,have?to能用于更多時(shí)態(tài)?!狹ustI?finish?all?assignments?at?a?time?—Yes,youmus
7、t./No,?youneedn't/don’thaveto.Youmustn’tget?down?while?the?car?is?still?moving.2.Must用于一般問(wèn)句中,肯定回答用must否定式用do?not?need?to或need?not做?“不必”,mustn’t表示“禁止,不允許”Youmustbe?the?new?teacher.?Hemustbe?joking.There?is?nobody?here.?Theymust?have?all?gonehome.3.must表示對(duì)某人某事的猜測(cè),?作“準(zhǔn)
8、是”,“一定”,一般用于肯定句中。對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情作肯定判斷用musthavedoneHemustcomeandworryherwithquestion,justwhenshewasbusycookingthedinner.Ofcourse,afterIgavehermyad