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1、虛擬語氣與事實相反,要用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測或建議,而不表示客觀存在的事實。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示,對虛擬語氣在各種句式中的用法介紹如下:A).條件從句的虛擬語氣條件從句的謂語動詞主句的謂語動詞與現(xiàn)在事實相反be---were/動詞---過去式would/should/might/could+do與過去事實相反過去完成式would/should/might/could+havedone與將來事實相反wereto/should+do/動詞---過去式would/should/might/could+doEg.如果我是
2、你,我就不看電視了.IfIwereyou,Ishould/wouldnotwatchTV.如果我做完家庭作業(yè),我就去參加晚會.IfIdid/haddonemyhomework,Iwouldgo/havegonetotheparty.如果你昨天晚上不看電視,就不會遲到了.Ifyouhadn’tgonetothecinema,youwouldnothavebeenlateforclass.如果你努力地學(xué)習(xí)的話,你就會考試及格了。Ifyouhadstudiedharder,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.Theplantsinourgar
3、den__________betterifithadnotrainedsomuchlastyear.A.hadgrownB.wouldhavegrownC.weregrowingD.wouldgrowNote:a).條件從句中if的省略,要倒裝如果條件從句的謂語動詞包含有were或助動詞、情態(tài)動詞had,should,could,有時可將連詞if省去,而將條件從句的主語置于were,had,should,could之后。這種用法主要用于書面語,如:a.與現(xiàn)在相反:IfIwereyou(=WereIyou),Iwouldgowithhim.???b.與過
4、去相反:IfIhadhadtimethen(=HadIhadtimethen),Iwouldhavegonewithyou.???c.與將來相反:IfIweretovisit/shouldvisit/visitedtheGreatWalltomorrow,(=WereIto/ShouldIvisittheGreatWalltomorrow),Iwouldtakemysonwithme.???注意:在否定句中not不可提至主語前,如:???(誤)Weren’tIherenow,Iwouldbeinthebus.???(正)WereInotherenow,
5、Iwouldbeinthebus.b).without可以代替條件從句Eg.沒有水和空氣,我們就不能生存。Wewouldnotlivewithoutwaterorair.c)混合虛擬條件句???如果條件從句的動作和主句的動作不是同時發(fā)生,主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。這種句子叫做混合虛擬條件句。如:???Ifhehadfollowedmyadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.(從句述說過去,主句述說現(xiàn)在)IfChinahadnotbeenliberated,theworkingpeoplewo
6、uldstillbeleadingamiserablelife.(從句表示與過去的事實相反,主句說明與現(xiàn)在的事實相反)d)省略主句,只保留if(only)的條件句???虛擬條件句中的表示結(jié)果的主句有時形式上可以省略,但意義仍然存在。這種句子只保留一個if(only)條件從句,表達說話人的強烈愿望。如:If(only)sheweremysister!她是我的妹妹就好了!e)用but或butfor引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句(but后跟從句,butfor后跟短語:假如沒有,要不是)???Butforyourhelp,ourexperimentwouldn’thavebe
7、ensosuccessful.???假如沒有你們的幫助,我們的實驗是不會如此成功的。???Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.???要不是碰到暴雨我們會到得早一些。???Wewouldhaveinvitedthemtothedance,buttheyweretoobusy.???要不是他們太忙,我們會邀請他們來參加舞會的。???此句可改寫為:Iftheyhadnotbeensobusy,wewouldhaveinvitedthemtothedance.???Butthatheisinhospital,He
8、wouldgoabroadforhissummervacation.???要不是生病住院,他就