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1、ONEBRITAIN PartoneGeographyBasicunderstandingofthefollowing1.What’sthedifferenceamongEngland、BritainandtheU.K?2.What'ssoccerandfootball？3.What’sJohnBullandUncleSam？4.WheredidtheEnglishusetocomefrom？ChapteroneABriefIntroduction1.HowmanypartsdoesTheU.Kconsistof？(1)Englandisinthe
2、southernpartofGreatBritain.Itisthelargestmostpopuloussection.(2)ScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain.IthasthreenaturalzonestheHighlandsinthenorththeCentrallowlandsthesouthUplandsCapital:Edinburgh(3)WalesisinthewestofGreatBritain.Capital:Cardiff(4)NorthernIrelandisthefourthregion
3、oftheUK.Capital:Belfast.1.TheCommonwealthofnationsisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Itwasfoundedin1931andhas50membercountriesuntil1991.2.TheOriginsoftheNation5000BC-10661)TheCeltsbegantoarriveBritainabout700BC2)TheCeltscametoBritaininthreema
4、inwaves.ThefirstwaveweretheGaels-cameabout600BC.ThesecondwaveweretheBrythons-cameabout400BCThethirdwaveweretheBelgae-cameabout150BCTheAnglo-Saxons446-8711.BasisofModernEnglishrace:theAnglo-Saxons2．TheearlyAnglo-SaxonsconvertedtoChristianity3.TheEarlyAnglo-Saxonsmakethecontribu
5、tionstotheEnglishstate:formationoftheEnglishnationTheNormanConquest10661.ReasonsforWilliam’sinvasionofEnglandafterEdward’sdeath.2.TheNormanConquestanditsconsequences①TheNormanConquestof1066isperhapsthebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.②WilliamtheConquerorconfiscatedalmostallthel
6、andandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.③HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.④RelationswiththeContinentwereopenedandthecivilizationandcommercewereextended.⑤Norman-Frenchculturelanguagemannersandarchitecturewereintro
7、duced.⑥TheChurchwasbroughtintocloserconnectionwithRomeandthechurchcourtswereseparatedfromthecivilcourts.TheShapingoftheNation1066-13811.NormanRule1066-1381諾曼統(tǒng)治公元1066-13812.WilliamsRule1066-10873.ContentsandthesignificanceoftheGreatCharterGreatCharterwassignedbyKingJohnin1215un
8、derthepressofthebarons.Itconsistsofsixty-threeclauses.Itsimpo
