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1、Chapter3 DevelopingParagraphs(021009b)AneffectiveparagraphPlanningaparagraphDevelopmentbytimeDevelopmentbyprocessDevelopmentbyspace(GotoEx.)Aneffectiveparagraph3featuresofaneffectiveparagraph:Aparagraphshouldhaveone,andonlyone,centralidea.Themainideaisg
2、enerallyexpressedinthetopicsentence.Closeconnectionbetweenthesentencesisobserved.#PlanningaparagraphAtopicsentenceisgenerallyexpected,whichiswrittenincompletesentence.Detailsorexamplesareneededtosupportthemainidea.Anoutlineisworkedout(beforewriting)topu
3、tthedetailsingoodorder.#AnexampleofaneffectiveparagraphTheIrishcountrysideisverybeautiful.ThereisapopularIrishsongwhichsaysthatthereare100differentshadesofgreenintheIrishlandscape,andthisisnoexaggeration.Thankstogenerousrainfall,muchofthecountrysideisco
4、veredinrichgreenvegetation,whichiswhyIrelandisalsoknownastheEmeraldIsle.Italsohasvariedlandscapewithdramaticmountains,rockycoastlinesandrollinghills.(waysofdevelopingparagraphs)DevelopmentbyTimeIntellingastoryorrecountinganevent,theeasiestandclearestway
5、istodescribethingsinorderoftime;earlierthingsarementionedbeforelaterthings,thefirstthingfirstandthelastthinglast.Thismethodisalsocalledchronologicalsequencing.Example:Intheolddays,traintravelwasnotmuchfun.Backinthe1830’s,passengercoachesonwesternandsout
6、hernroadslookedlikecabinsonwheels.Untillateinthe1840’s,passengerswhowantedheatboughtheatedbricksfromboysatthestations.Therewerenosleepingcars,either,until1859,whenGeorgeR.Pullmanremodeledtwodaycoachesintosleepingcars,torunfromChicagotoBloomington,Illino
7、is.Theywerelightedbycandlesandheatedbywood-burningstoves.Passengersnearthestovesweretoohot,andthosefarawayweretoocold.Evenyearslater,aftertrainshadbetterheatingsystems,passengerswereoftenmostuncomfortable.Openwindowsletinshowersofsootandcinders;andclose
8、dwindowsmeantstiflingtemperatures.Travelersreachedtheirdestinationsinthosedayssooty,jostled,andtravel-worn.#DevelopmentbyProcessWhenyouhavetoexplainhowsomethingisdone,youusuallyfollowachronologicalsequenceandgiveastep-by-stepdesc
