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1、虐虧虧搪2014,4(1):4—14JournalofAgriculturewww.caaj.org干旱脅迫對(duì)水稻生育性狀與生理指標(biāo)的影響王成璦,趙磊,Y--4~倫,張文香,趙秀哲,高良文,侯文平,于亞彬(吉林省通化市農(nóng)業(yè)科研究學(xué)院,吉林梅河口135007;沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué),沈陽110161)摘要:為了明確水稻不同生育階段干旱脅迫對(duì)生育性狀及生理指標(biāo)的影響,以‘農(nóng)大3號(hào)’(生育期145天)品種為試驗(yàn)材料,利用盆栽的形式,人工控制土壤水勢(shì)(75kPa),分別在水稻不同生育階段進(jìn)行了干旱脅迫對(duì)水稻生育和生理指標(biāo)影響的試驗(yàn)研究。結(jié)果表明,分蘗期干旱單穴有效穗數(shù)減少6.05~9.52個(gè),干旱越早影響越
2、大。無論任何時(shí)期干旱脅迫,處理過后均可以導(dǎo)致干物重下降,成熟期下降幅度為l1.20~25.94g/穴,孕穗期>分蘗期>出穩(wěn)后各時(shí)期。葉面積指數(shù)的下降則是體現(xiàn)在干旱過后的下一階段上,隨著CK區(qū)基部葉片的衰老與黃化,各處理的葉面積指數(shù)逐步與CK接近,干旱越早,生育后期差異就越小。干旱對(duì)功能葉片(頂部3葉)長(zhǎng)度的影響主要體現(xiàn)在分蘗后期、孕穗前期和孕穗中期,這3個(gè)階段干旱,會(huì)明顯導(dǎo)致頂部3片功能葉片變短。干旱對(duì)灌漿期劍葉和倒2葉的光合速率的影響主要體現(xiàn)在分蘗期和孕穗期,孕穗期>分蘗期>出穗期、灌漿期,劍葉光合速率降低幅度為3.25%~26.50%;倒2葉與劍葉的趨勢(shì)一致,比CK下降3.93%~39
3、.66%,下降幅度大于劍葉,乳熟期、蠟熟期干旱,測(cè)定時(shí)尚未進(jìn)行干旱處理,兩片葉的光合速率略高于CK。無論任何時(shí)期干旱脅迫,干旱過后都會(huì)導(dǎo)致葉綠素含量(SPAD)_k_升。水稻不同生育階段干旱脅迫,均能導(dǎo)致單穴有效穗數(shù)下降、生物產(chǎn)量降低、功能葉片變短、,降低、光合速率下降,最終導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)量下降3.57%~50.79%。關(guān)鍵詞:水稻;干旱脅迫;干物質(zhì)重;光合速率;葉面積指數(shù);葉綠素含量中圖分類號(hào):S5l1.0l,S152.7+1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A論文編號(hào):2013.0469EffectofWaterStressofSoilonGrowingCharacteristicsandPhysiological
4、IndexofRice(Oryzasativa)WangCheng’ai,ZhaoLei,WangBolun,ZhangWenxiang,ZhaoXiuzhe,GaoLiangwen,HouWenping,YuYabinf‘TonghuaAcademyofAgriculturalScience,Meihekou135007,Jilin,China;。ShenyangAgriculturalUniversity,Shenyang110161,Liaoning.China)Abstract:Inordertoexploretheinfluenceofwaterstressonthegrowin
5、gcharacteristicsandphysiologicalindexofriceatdifferentgrowingstage,using‘Nongda3’variety(145days)asamaterial,bymeansofpotcultivationandmanualrigorouslycontrollingsoilpotential(-75kPa)withtension-meter,theeffectsofsoilwaterstressonthegrowingandphysiologicalindexofricewerestudied.Theresultsindicated
6、that,whenthesoildroughtstressduringthetilleringperiod,theefficaciouspaniclesreduced6.05-9.52panicleseachcluster,andthedroughtstressoccurredearliesttheinfluenceweremoreobviouslythenothers.Regardlessofanyperioddroughtstressoccuring,thedrymaterialweightdecreasedafterdroughtstress,anditdropped11.20—25
7、.94geachclusteruntillmaturingperiod.a(chǎn)ndtheeffectsofsequencewere:bootingstages>tilleringperiod>stagesafterheading.Astoleafareaindexthedeclineappearedatthestageafterdroughtstress.a(chǎn)ndaccompaniedbyleafagingandyellowi