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1、.申圊摩雩c曼提2014,30(2):240—247ChineseAgriculturalScienceBulletin不同年限日光溫室土壤硝態(tài)氮和鹽分累積特性研究楊慧,谷豐,杜太生(中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué),中國農(nóng)業(yè)水問題研究中心,北京100083)摘要:土壤養(yǎng)分與鹽分累積是設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)面臨的突出問題,為了探明EI光溫室生產(chǎn)對土壤養(yǎng)分與鹽分累積的影響,以甘肅石羊河流域不同種植年限的日光溫室及其附近露地糧田為研究對象,應(yīng)用野外調(diào)查與取樣分析相結(jié)合的方法,分析了日光溫室土壤硝態(tài)氮和電導(dǎo)率(變化特性。結(jié)果表明,目光溫室土壤表層有硝態(tài)氮累積和鹽分積聚現(xiàn)象;在同一耕作層剖
2、面上,日光溫室內(nèi)各土層平均土壤硝態(tài)氮含量和EC值分別為露地糧田的1.2~3.3倍和0.7~3.2倍;耕層以下土壤硝態(tài)氮含量和EC值隨種植年限延長而增加,其峰值及其所在深度隨種植年限延長而增大。日光溫室傳統(tǒng)的大水大肥種植習(xí)慣是造成溫室土壤養(yǎng)分和鹽分累積的主要原因,應(yīng)適當(dāng)調(diào)整溫室生產(chǎn)中的灌水施肥水平,采取節(jié)水節(jié)肥的高效灌溉施肥制度。關(guān)鍵詞:日光溫室;不同年限;土壤硝態(tài)氮;EC值中圖分類號:$158文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A論文編號:2013—0660StudyontheAccumulationCharacteristicsoftheSoilNitrateNitro
3、genandSalinityinGreenhousesofDiferentC!ultivationYearsYangHui,GuFeng,DuTaisheng(Cente咖rMWaterResearchinChina,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing100083)Abstract:Theaccumulationsofthesoilnutrientsandsalinityarethemainproblemsinthedevelopmentoftheprotectedagriculture.Tofindtheimp
4、actsofthedevelopmentofgreenhousesontheaccumulationsofthesoilnutrientsandsalinity,thestudychosethegreenhousesofdifferentcultivationyearsandthenearwheat—maizefieldsinShiyangRiverbasinandanalyzedthesoilnitratenitrogenandsoilelectricconductivityinthefieldsurveyandsampleanalysismet
5、hod.Theresultsindicatedthatthenitratenitrogenandthesalinitywereaccumulatedatthesurfacelayeringreenhouses;theaveragesoilnitrogencontentofsoillayeringreenhousewas1.2—3.3timesthaninwheat—maizefieldsinthesamesoilprofile。andtheaverageECofsoillayeringreenhousewas0.7—3.2timesthaninwh
6、eat—maizefields;thenitratenitrogenandECincreasewiththeincreasingofcultivationyearsinadepthundertherootzone;withtheincreasingofcultivationyears,themaximumvalueincreased,andtheaccumulationdepthwasmoredeepened.Theaccumulationsofthesoilnutrientsandsalinityweremainlycausedbytheover
7、-fertilizerandillogicalirrigation,SOitwasnecessarytoadjustthecouplingofthewaterandfertilizerandtotaketheeficientirrigationscheduleofwater—savingandfertilizer-saving.Keywords:greenhouse;differentcultivationyears;soilnitratenitrogen;EC基金項(xiàng)目:水利部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目“石羊河流域溫室節(jié)水調(diào)質(zhì)高效灌溉技術(shù)研究”(2
8、01001061);國家高技術(shù)研究“863”計(jì)劃課題“作物生命需水過程控制與高效用水生理調(diào)控技術(shù)及產(chǎn)品”(2011AA10