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1、–ing形式作狀語ThePresentParticipleasAdverbialGrammaring分詞作狀語可以表示時(shí)間,原因,結(jié)果,條件,讓步,方式或伴隨情況等。-ing分詞是由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成。-ing分詞同樣有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化,通常有下表幾種形式(以do為例)-ing分詞的構(gòu)成1.___________________(作為一名學(xué)生),hewasinterestedinbooks.(be)2._____________________________(被一個(gè)陌生人跟著),shewasafraidofbeingrobbed.(
2、follow)3.______________________________(回完信后),shewentontoreadanEnglishnovel.(answer)4._________________________(參觀完實(shí)驗(yàn)室之后),weweretakentoseethelibrary.(visit)5._____________________________(被告之了很多次),hestillmadethesamemistake.(tell)BeingastudentHavingansweredtheletterHavingvis
3、itedthelabHavingbeentoldmanytimesBeingfollowedbyastranger1.-ing分詞的否定形式是由not加-ing分詞構(gòu)成e.g.不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等著。Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait._____________________(沒有完成)theprogramme,theyhadtostaythereforanothertwoweeks.(complete)Nothavingcompleted_______
4、________________(沒有能完成)hiswork,hewaspunishedbyhisboss.(able,finish)Notbeingabletofinish注意要點(diǎn)2.分詞(短語)作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果不一致,必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表示,也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語。1.Comparingallthegreatpeoplewitheachother,you’llfindthattheyhavemuchincommon.2.Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolice
5、manforhelp.3.Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherday.分析:前兩例中,-ing形式的邏輯主語均為主句的主語。最后一例中havinggone的邏輯主語是thetrain。但是,Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.Supposingyoulose,whatwillyoudo?Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.這類現(xiàn)在分詞被稱之為“懸垂分詞/評(píng)注性狀語”,例如:Given.....(給予..
6、...的話),totellyouthetruth(說實(shí)話),considering.....(考慮到),supposing(假設(shè)),generally(frankly,honestly…)speaking,judgingfrom(從…判斷),talkingof,speakingof(談到)..........e.g.Hishairbecamegreywiththeyearspassing.隨著時(shí)間的推移,他的頭發(fā)變花.Withoutanyonenoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow.沒人注意,他從窗戶溜了出去。3
7、.“with/without+名詞普通格或代詞賓格+-ing分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語,表示伴隨情況或時(shí)間、原因等。_______________________(隨著時(shí)間的推移),mother’shairbecamegrey.(with,go)______________________(隨著時(shí)間的推移),mother’shairbecamegrey.(as,go)Withtimegoingby/onAstimewentby/on4.分詞短語做狀語時(shí),分詞短語和句子之間不能用連詞(如but,and),因?yàn)檫B詞接的是兩個(gè)并列成分,而分詞短語只是全
8、句的一個(gè)狀語部分,分詞和主句之間可用逗號(hào)。例如:Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.Hew