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1、高考英語《流行話題語境識詞4500》Unit66 ExxonValdezOilSpill素材Unit66 ExxonValdezOilSpill TheExxonValdezdepartedfromtheTransAlaskaPipelineterminalat9:12pmMarch23,1989.AfterpassingthroughValdezNarrows,pilotMurphyleftthevesselandCaptainHazelwoodradioedtheCoastGuardtoreporttheExxonValdezhad"fetcheduphardaground"and
2、was"evidentlyleakingsomeoil."Thatscratchy,understatedmessagesetthesceneforoneoftheworsthuman-causedenvironmentaldisastersinhistory.Overthenextspringandsummer,thenewsinAlaskaandaroundtheworldwasdominatedbyimagesandstoriesfromPrinceWilliamSoundandtheGulfofAlaska--thousandsofdeadanddyingbirdsandseama
3、mmals,angryfishermen,armiesofrockwipersimprobablycleaningbeacheswithrags. BirdsandottershaveproventhemselveshighlyvulnerabletotheoildriftingaroundtheSound.Ottersaretheonlymarinemammallackingaprotectivelayerofblubberbeneaththeirhide.Theydependtotallyontheirdensefurforwarmthandfloatation.Whenthatfu
4、rgetsdirty,theotterdies.TheseanimalsaresosensitivetocontaminationthatearlyeffortstotransplantthemfromAlaskatootherpartsoftheWestCoastfailed.Theotters,theirfurdirtiedbyhandling,diedincaptivity.Giventhisproblem,scientistssawlittlehopeofsavingtheotters.Therewere4,000to6,000oftheseanimalsintheSound.No
5、oneknowshowmanyhadcomeincontactwiththeoil. Seabirdswerenotinmuchbettershapethanotters.Oilmattedthefeathersofbirds,andthatledtodeathinanumberofways.Mattedfeathersceasetoinsulateandbirdsdieofhypothermia.Oilcoatedfeathersmakeitimpossibleforthebirdstoflytosafeareas.Birdsexhaustthemselvestryingtostaya
6、floatafteroildestroysthewaterrepellencyoftheirfeathers.Rescuerswerehavingadifficulttimegettingtothebirdstocatchthemonrockybeaches.Inordertorehabilitateonebirdsuccessfully,rescuersneeded150gallonsofwaterat104degrees.Theobstaclesstandinginthewayofthejobwereintimidating. Animalslivinginthenearbyfore
7、stsandroamontothetidelandsinsearchoffood.Mink,landottersandbearscouldbeharmed.Therearesimilarfearsforbaldeagles,anotherscavenger.Theeagleshavealreadybegunpreyingupontheseabirdskilledorinjuredbyoil. Scientistskne
