美國道路線型設計規(guī)范AASHTO—Geometric Design of Highways and Streets.pdf

美國道路線型設計規(guī)范AASHTO—Geometric Design of Highways and Streets.pdf

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時間：2020-07-31

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1、CHAPTER4CROSSSECTIONELEMENTSGENERALToassureconsistencyinthispolicy,theterms“roadway”and“traveledway”aredefinedbyAASHTOasfollows:Roadway:Theportionofahighway,includingshoulders,forvehicularuse.Adividedhighwayhastwoormoreroadways(seeExhibits4-1and4-2).Traveledway:Theportionoftheroadwayforthe

2、movementofvehicles,exclusiveofshoulders(seeExhibits4-1and4-2).PAVEMENTSurfaceTypeTheselectionofpavementtypeisdeterminedbasedonthetrafficvolumeandcomposition,soilcharacteristics,weather,performanceofpavementsinthearea,availabilityofmaterials,energyconservation,initialcost,andtheoverallannua

3、lmaintenanceandservice-lifecost.Thestructuraldesignofpavementsisnotincludedinthispolicy,butisaddressedintheAASHTOGuideforDesignofPavementStructures(1).Importantpavementcharacteristicsthatarerelatedtogeometricdesignaretheeffectondriverbehaviorandtheabilityofasurfacetoretainitsshapeanddimens

4、ions,todrain,andtoretainadequateskidresistance.High-typepavementsretaintheirshapeanddonotravelattheedgesifplacedonastablesubgrade.Theirsmoothnessandpropercross-slopedesignenabledriverstosteereasilyandkeeptheirvehiclesmovingintheproperpath.Attheotherextreme,low-typesurfaceshaveatendencytowa

5、rdraveling,whichreducestheireffectivewidthandrequiresgreatersteeringefforttomaintainacorrectpath.Accordingly,low-typesurfacesareusedwheretrafficvolumeislight.Whiletheselectionofdesignspeedisdependentonmanyfactorsotherthanpavementsurfacetype,high-typesurfacesprovideforhigheroperatingspeedst

6、handolow-typesurfaces.Therefore,thesurfacetypeprovidedshouldbeconsistentwiththeselecteddesignspeedforthehighway.CrossSlopeUndividedtraveledwaysontangents,oronflatcurves,haveacrownorhighpointinthemiddleandacrossslopedownwardtowardbothedges.Unidirectionalcrossslopesacrossthe309AASHTO—Geometr

7、icDesignofHighwaysandStreetsExhibit4-1.TypicalCrossSection,NormalCrown310CrossSectionElementsExhibit4-2.TypicalCrossSection,Superelevated311AASHTO—GeometricDesignofHighwaysandStreetsentirewidthofthetraveledwaymaybeutilized.Thedownwardcrossslopemaybeaplaneorrou

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