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1、NomenclatureofInorganicCompounds無機化合物的命名（Prefix詞頭,前綴Suffix詞尾,后綴Stem詞根）1.TrivialNames俗名H2Owater不說dihydrogenoxideNH3ammonia不說nitrogentrihydrideCaOquicklimeCaCO3limestone2.SystematicNomenclature系統(tǒng)命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzincoxideCaOcalciumoxideCOcarbonoxideNa2O2so
2、diumperoxideH2O2hydrogenperoxide注：peroxide過氧化物2)Hydroxide氫氧化物（base堿）Ba(OH)2bariumhydroxideKOHpotassiumhydroxide3)Acid酸Hydroacid氫酸Generalformula通式:HnX命名：hydro-+stemofX+-icacidH2Shydrosulfuricacid(英)hydrosulphuric(美)氫硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美)HBr氫溴酸hydrobromicacidB
3、r:bromineHCl氫氯酸(鹽酸)hydrochloricacidCl:chlorineHF氫氟酸hydrofluoricacidF:fluorineOxoacidorOxyacid含氧酸Generalformula通式:HnXOm命名：StemofX+-icacid注：oxo-(oxy-)含氧,氧代H2SO4sulfuricacid(英)sulphuricacid(美)H2CO3carbonicacidH3PO4phosphoricacidP:phosphorusH3BO3boricacidB:boronHNO
4、3nitricacidN:nitrogenIfXhastwooxidationstates：-ic：thehigheroxidationstate-ous：theloweroxidationstateH2SO4sulfuricacidH2SO3sulfurousacid1/5HNO3nitricacidHNO2nitrousacidIfX(suchashalogens)hasmorethantwooxidationstates：halogen鹵素per-(過，高)+-ic：thestillhigheroxidatio
5、nstatehypo-(次,在?下)+-ous：thestillloweroxidationstateHClO3chloricacidHClO2chlorousacidHClO4perchloricacidHClOhypochlorousacidHIOhypoiodousacid4)Salt鹽Generalformula通式:MnXm命名：NameofMstemofX+-ide（-ide?化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKIpotassiumiodideAl2S3aluminumsu
6、lfideLiHlithiumhydrideOxysalt含氧酸鹽NamethemetalionfirstandthentheanionNaminganions:-ateanionsderivedfromthe-icacid(thehigheroxidationstateofX)-iteanionsderivedfromthe-ousacid(theloweroxidationstateofX)HNO3nitricacidNaNO3sodiumnitrateHNO2nitrousacidNaNO2sodiumnitr
7、iteSO42-sulfateSO32-sulfiteAgClO4silverperchlorateNaIO3sodiumiodateKClO2potassiumchloriteKBrOpotassiumhypobromiteMnO42-manganateMnO4-permanganateAcidsalt酸式鹽Using“hydrogen”tospecify“H”NaHSO4sodiumhydrogensulfateNaH2PO4sodiumdihydrogenphosphateNa2HPO4disodiumhydr
8、ogenphosphateP:phosphorusphosphate磷酸鹽(根)Usingprefixbi-+nameofanionifonlyoneacidsaltexistsNaHSO4sodiumbisulfateNaHSO3sodiumbisulfiteKHCO3potassiumbicarbonate5)Metals（M）withmo
