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1、一、定義:在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。如:1)Theman?wholivesnexttous?isapoliceman.2)Youmustdoeverything?thatIdo.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞,叫先行詞,定語從句放在先行詞的后面。*?引導定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(賓格whom,所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where,when、why*?關(guān)系詞常有三個作用:1、引導定語從句??2、代替先行詞??3、在定語從句中擔當一個成分二、關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句*?1.who指人,在從句中做主語(1)Thebo
2、ys?who?areplayingfootball?arefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldman?who?losthisway.*?2.whom指人,在定語從句中充當賓語,??墒÷?。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson?(whom)youtalkedabout.注意:關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替,可省略。(2)Theman(who/whom?)youmetjustnow?ismyfriend.*?3.which指物,在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,做賓語時可省略(1)Footballisagame?which?islikedb
3、ymostboys.(which在句子中做主語)(2)Thisisthepen?(which)?heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做賓語)*?4.that指人時,相當于who或者whom;指物時,相當于which,在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,做賓語時可省略。(1)Thepeople?that/who?cometovisitthecity?areallhere.(在句子中做主語)(2)Whereistheman?(that/whom?)Isawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語)*?5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語從句中做定語(1)Hehasafriend
4、?whose?fatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahouse?whose?roofhasfallenin.whose指物時,常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)Theclassroom?whosedoor?isbroken?willsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom?thedoorofwhichisbroken?willsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebook?whosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebook?thecolorofwhichisyellow???????*?具體使用時還要注意下列問題:????
5、??1、只能使用that,不用which的情況:*?1)當先行詞是:all,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它們修飾時。Isthere?anything?thatIcandoforyou?有什么可以為你做的嗎?All?thatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必須做。*?2)當先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時。例如:Thatisoneof?themostinteresting?booksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是這家書店出售的最有趣的書之一。Thefirst?thingthatweshoulddoistog
6、etsomefood.我們該做的第一件事是弄點吃的。*?3)當先行詞有:theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修飾時。例如:Mynecklaceisnot?theonly?thingthat'smissing.我的項鏈不僅是丟掉的東西。*?4)當主句以who或which開頭時,定語從句中引導詞用that,不用which或?who,以避免重復。例如:Who?isthegirl?that?iswearingaredcoat?正穿一件紅色外套的女孩子是誰?*?5)當先行詞既有人又有物時,用that。例如:Thewriter?and?hisnovel?that?youha
7、vejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說確實很著名。??????2、只用which不用that的情況:*?1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時;e.g.Thisistheroom?inwhich?LuXunlived.*?2)?非限定性定語從句中;作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。e.g.Thatnecklace,?which?yougavemeasapresent,wasl