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1、水輪機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)特性曲線的繪制1)基本資料轉(zhuǎn)型式:HL240型及模型綜合特性曲線轉(zhuǎn)輪直徑=4.5m,n=100特征水頭:,,=36.0m水輪機(jī)安裝高程處海拔方程=150m效率修正值=1.6%2)等效率曲線計(jì)算與繪制由于電站水頭變化范圍小現(xiàn)取3個(gè)水頭,即,,=36.0m列表如下HL240型水輪機(jī)等效率曲線計(jì)算(%)+N(mw)(%)+N(mw)(%)+N(mw)870.8488.634.61870.8588.632.31870.8788.630.35880.8789.636.25880.8989.629.14880.
2、9289.632.46890.9290.638.76890.9490.631.16890.9690.634.25900.9691.640.89900.9791.632.53901.0091.636.07911.0092.643.06911.0292.634.27911.0692.637.20911.2192.652.10911.2192.641.54911.2292.644.49901.2391.652.39901.2491.642.16901.2591.645.09891.2690.653.08891.27
3、90.642.67891.2890.645.67881.2989.653.75881.3089.642.03881.3089.645.87871.3288.654.38871.3288.642.52871.3488.646.755%出力限制到線上的點(diǎn)89.21.2490.845.52901.2391.640.9790.41.239246.753)出力限制線繪制計(jì)算出1、時(shí),數(shù)值直線2、連接()與見附圖14)等吸出高曲線的計(jì)算與繪制:1吸出高度計(jì)算公式為式中氣蝕系數(shù)修正值由查得等析出高度計(jì)算表HmNkw3873
4、0.220.780.0300.259.50.3330.210.200.200.210.220.230.240.851.001.221.311.3551.371.3929.636.243.4450.240.230.230.240.250.260.279.128.7411.49.129.59.8810.260.7131.093-1.5670.7130.333-0.047-0.4273477.170.220.210.200.200.210.220.230.240.7850.840.961.2751.311.361.
5、371.392731.6541.44242.542.6542.80.0380.2580.2480.2380.2380.2480.2580.2680.2788.7728.4238.0929.0448.4328.7729.1129.4521.0611.411.7410.7891.4011.0610.7210.3836750.220.210.200.200.210.220.230.240.790.830.951.291.3251.3551.3681.38524.829.13939.539.940.140.30.03
6、20.2520.2420.2320.2320.2420.2520.2620.2729.0728.7128.3528.3568.7129.0729.4329.7920.7611.1211.4811.4771.1210.7610.4010.0412利用表計(jì)算結(jié)果,作每個(gè)水頭下的N=輔助曲線(見附圖2)。將各值的出力從圖中查出填入表中。3根據(jù)表中對(duì)應(yīng)的和N,繪制各水頭下的輔助曲線(見附圖3)4)繪制等吸出高曲線(見附圖4)六、蝸殼的設(shè)計(jì)1)、蝸殼型式選擇由于本水電水頭高度小于40m,所以采用混凝土蝸殼2)、蝸殼主要
7、參數(shù)的確定1斷面形狀的確定由于水輪機(jī)為中型,因此混凝土蝸殼的斷面做成平頂梯形,以便施工見笑其徑向尺寸,降低廠房的土建投資根據(jù)水電站規(guī)模本電站采用平頂梯形斷面混凝土蝸殼,由《水力機(jī)械》附表以及附表二查得HL240型水輪機(jī)Da=6350mm,Db=5550mmb/a取為1.5,取為14°2蝸殼包角的選擇混凝土蝸殼包角通常采用180°~270°,故選擇=270°3蝸殼進(jìn)口斷面的平均速度根據(jù)水輪機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),可從水輪機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)水頭從《水電站》圖2-8中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)曲線查取,查得3).蝸殼的水力計(jì)算1確定進(jìn)口斷面尺寸進(jìn)口斷面的面積為2
8、根據(jù)幾何關(guān)系確定進(jìn)口斷面尺寸如下進(jìn)口斷面面積應(yīng)滿足下式且解上面方程組得,a=3.56m,b=5.33m,m=5.73m,由前面查表已知Da=6350mm,Db=5550mm,所以,故.3中間斷面尺寸的確定頂角的變化規(guī)律采用直線軌跡,采用圖解法來求得R-的關(guān)系過程見下表及附表7斷面03.565.336.37519.1227010.867.334.0352.2130.2120.6886.193.8631