8. can moral desert qualify or justify human rights 9. a social ontology of human rights

《8. can moral desert qualify or justify human rights 9. a social ontology of human rights》由會員上傳分享，免費在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在工程資料-天天文庫。

1、8CanMoralDesertQualifyorJustifyHumanRights?ZofiaStemplowskaI.IntroductionApersonismorallydeservingofsometreatmentwhenthisisthemorallyfittingresponsetoherdesertbasis.1Thethoughthereisthatsucha‘fitting’responseisintrin-sicallyvaluableanditisimpersonallyvaluable—ie,itisvaluableeve

2、nifitdoesnotbenefitanyone.2Thusaworldinwhicheveryoneistreatedastheydeservewouldbeinonerespectbetterthanaworldinwhichthesamepeoplewereallbetteroffunde-servedly.Theideaofmoraldesertrequiresthatonlythefeaturesthatcanformthebasisformoralappraisalqualifyasdesertbases.Typicalcandidat

3、es,allembracedbyNickel(thisvolume,Chapter7),includeaperson’sactions,attitudes,andcharacter.Forexample,wemaythinkthatawrongdoerwhocommitsacrimedeservestobeimprisonedwhileanhonestlawyerdeservestoberewardedforherwork.3Canpersonalmoraldesert,asNickelargues,qualifythescopeof(some)hu

4、manrightsandplayaroleinjustifying(some)humanrights?Thatis,canthetreatmentthatapersondeservesamounttothewithdrawalofahumanrightorconferringofrewardasamatterofhumanright?Arightisqualifiedwhentherearerestrictionsbasedonpersonalfeaturesregardingwhocanholdit.AsNickelputsit,‘[q]ualif

5、icationsusepersonalcharacteristicstomakeauniversalrightavailabletoonlypartofthehumanpopulation’(159).SoifdesertaffectswhoisentitledtoagivenhumanrightX,then1IamgratefulforcommentstoMatthewClayton,BenJackson,S.?MatthewLiao,andAndreaSangiovanniaswellastotheparticipantsoftheWarwick

6、–Oxfordjointseminaronhumanrights,May2013.2Morewouldneedtobesaidtodistinguishresponsesthatareappropriateintermsofdesertfromthosethatareappropriateintermsof,say,fairness,butI?hopeanintuitiveunderstandingoftheformerwillsufficetohighlightmydisagreementwithNickel.3Unlessotherwisesta

7、ted,subsequentin-textreferencesrefertoNickel,thisvolume,chapter7.Nickel(thisvolume,ch.7)adds‘harmfulwrongssuffered’(154)asadesertbasis.Laterinthetext,heoffersanexample:‘IfBernardtakesHilda’ssavingsintohisfraudulent“investmentfund”...Hildadeservesrepayment’(161).ButclearlyHildai

8、sentitledtorepaymentsimplybecausethemoneywashers;sheis