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1、ResearchPolicy37(2008)1337–1355ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectResearchPolicyjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/respolFormalandinformalinterorganizationallearningwithinstrategicalliancesMartynaJanowicz-Panjaitana,?,NielsG.Noorderhavenb,1aDepartmentofOrganizationStud
2、ies,FacultyofSocialSciences,TilburgUniversity,P.O.Box90153,Warandelaan2,5000LETilburg,TheNetherlandsbCenterforInnovationResearch,TilburgUniversity,P.O.Box90153,Warandelaan2,5000LETilburg,TheNetherlandsarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:Learningbehaviorsofemployeescanbeeitherfo
3、rmalized(intheformofprogrammedReceived1May2007eventsandvisits)orinformal(intheformofspontaneousinteractionandknowledgeReceivedinrevisedform21January2008sharing).Weinvestigatetheeffectthatbothtypesoflearningbehaviorshaveoninterorga-Accepted23April2008nizationallearningofsubsta
4、ntiveknowledgeinthecontextofanalliance.WealsolookatAvailableonline20June2008theeffectsthatthetwoformsoflearningbehaviorhaveoneachother.We?ndthatwhileinformallearningbehaviorshaveaconsistentlypositiveeffectonthelearningoutcomeandKeywords:onformallearningbehaviors,thisisnotsofo
5、rformallearningbehaviors.Theeffectoffor-InterorganizationallearningInformallearningbehaviorsmalbehaviorsonbothlearningoutcomeandinformalbehaviors,whilepositive,diminishesFormallearningbehaviorsathigherlevels.ThisleadsustoconcludethatalthoughbothinformalandformallearningBounda
6、ryspannersbehaviorsfosterinterorganizationallearning,toomuchformalizationobstructslearning.Similarly,whileformallyprogrammedbehaviorsdoencourageinformallearningbehaviorsoftheboundaryspanners,anexcessofformalizationsti?esthem.?2008ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionIn
7、thispaperweexploretheissueofwhatdrivestheinterorganizationallearningofsubstantiveknowledge.Overthepast20years,strategicalliances–encompass-Drawingonsociallearningtheory,wearguethattheingabroadrangeofcontractualforms,fromarm’s-length?owofknowledgebetweenalliancepartnersresults
8、fromcontractstoequityjointventures(GulatiandGargiulo,interactionsbet
