algebraic models for social networks (structural analysis in the social sciences)

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1、Structuralanalysisinthesocialsciences7AlgebraicmodelsforsocialnetworksStructuralanalysisinthesocialsciencesMarkGranovetter,editorAdvisoryBoard:PeterBlauLintonFreemanFranzPappiRonaldBreigerMaureenHallinanEverettRogersRonaldBurtNanLinCharlesTillyRandallCollinsJ.ClydeMitchellBarryWellmanClaudeFischerNi

2、cholasMullinsHarrisonWhiteOtherbooksintheseries:RonaldL.Breiger,ed.,SocialMobilityandSocialStructureJohnL.Campbell,J.RogersHollingsworthandLeonN.Lindberg,eds.,GovernanceoftheAmericanEconomyDavidKnoke,PoliticalNetworks:TheStructuralPerspectiveKyriakosKontopoulos,TheLogicsofSocialStructureMarkS.Mizruc

3、hiandMichaelSchwartz,eds.,IntercorporateRela-tions:TheStructuralAnalysisofBusinessBarryWellmanandS.D.Berkowitz,eds.,SocialStructures:ANet-workApproachTheseriesStructuralAnalysisintheSocialSciencespresentsap-proachesthatexplainsocialbehaviorandinstitutionsbyreferencetorelationsamongsuchconcretesocial

4、entitiesaspersonsandorgani-sations.Thiscontrastswithatleastfourotherpopularstrategies:(a)reductionistattemptstoexplainbyafocusonindividualsalone;(b)explanationsstressingthecausalprimacyofsuchabstractconceptsasideas,values,mentalharmoniesandcognitivemaps(thus,"structur-alism"ontheContinentshouldbedis

5、tinguishedfromstructuralanalysisinthepresentsense);(c)technologicalandmaterialdeterminism;(d)explanationsusing"variables"asthemainanalyticconcepts(asinthe"structuralequation"modelsthatdominatedmuchofthesociologyofthe1970s),wherestructureisthatconnectingvariablesratherthanactualsocialentities.Thesoci

6、alnetworkapproachisanimportantexampleofthestrategyofstructuralanalysis;theseriesalsodrawsonsocialsciencetheoryandresearchthatisnotframedexplicitlyinnetworkterms,butstressestheimportanceofrelationsratherthantheatomisationofreductionismorthedeterminismofideas,technologyormaterialconditions.Thoughthest

7、ructuralperspectivehasbecomeextremelypopularandinfluentialinallthesocialsciences,itdoesnothaveacoherentidentity,andnoseriesyetpullstogethersuchworkunderasinglerubric.Bybringingtheachievementsofstructu