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1、PUBLICOPINIONANDPOLLINGAROUNDTHEWORLDAHistoricalEncyclopediaVolume1JohnG.Geer,EditorSantaBarbara,CaliforniaDenver,ColoradoOxford,EnglandCopyright?2004byJohnG.GeerAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,e
2、lectronic,mechani-cal,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,exceptfortheinclusionofbriefquotationsinareview,withoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataPublicopinionandpollingaroundtheworld:ahistoricalencyclopedia/JohnG.Geer,editor.p
3、.cm.Includesindex.ISBN1-57607-911-2(hardcopy:alk.paper)ISBN1-57607-912-0(e-book)1.Publicopinionpolls—History.2.Publicopinionpolls—Cross-culturalstudies.3.Publicopinion—UnitedStates—History.I.Geer,JohnGray.HM1236.P832004303.3’8—dc222004011691080706050410987654321Thisbookisalsoavail
4、ableontheWorldWideWebasane-book.Visitabc-clio.comfordetails.ABC-CLIO,Inc.130CremonaDrive,P.O.Box1911SantaBarbara,California93116-1911Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper¥.ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaContentsVOLUME1Preface,ixPart1TheRoleofPublicOpinioninDemocracy1SectionOne:
5、MeasuringPublicOpinion,3TheSociologicalPerspective,NancyCarrillo,3ThePsychologicalPerspective,StevenGreene,9AMassMediaPerspective,PatriciaMoyandDietramA.Scheufele,26SectionTwo:ShapingPublicOpinion,33InterestGroups,DianeJ.Heith,33NewsMedia,DianeJ.Heith,38PoliticalParties,SeanHogan,
6、44Presidents,MatthewEshbaugh-Soha,49PresidentsandForeignPolicy,AndrewZ.Katz,55Part2PublicOpinionintheUnitedStates65SectionOne:History,67Founding-EraElections:1787–1824,RyanLeeTeten,67Jacksonian-EraElections:1828–1848,PearlT.Ponce,75CivilWar–EraElections:1850–1866,YonatanEyal,81Rec
7、onstruction-EraElections:1868–1892,RyanLeeTeten,87Progressive-EraElections:1894–1928,JoelDavidBloom,93Depression-EraElections:1930–1940,JoelDavidBloom,101WorldWarII–EraElections:1942–1958,RichardW.Boyd,109ColdWarElections:1960–1976,ValerieAdams,120Post–ColdWarElections:1978–1990,G
8、arCulbert,127ContemporaryElection