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1、魚(yú)道水平迴頭彎段之沖淤試驗(yàn)TheScourandSedimentationintheU-turnHorizontalSectionoftheFishway國(guó)立中興大學(xué)水土保持系教授碩士班研究生碩士段錦浩徐淑智蔡銘峰Ching-HaoTuanShu-ChihHsuMing-FongTsai摘要本研究為利於魚(yú)類(lèi)之洄游,發(fā)揮通路功能,維護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境平衡,以達(dá)到生態(tài)資源之永續(xù)利用。魚(yú)道中水平迴頭彎段內(nèi)之淤砂情形是影響?hù)~(yú)道是否能暢通的主要原因,因此本研究主要針對(duì)魚(yú)道水平迴頭彎段,進(jìn)行兩種不同起始條件之沖刷試驗(yàn)與淤砂試驗(yàn),利用沖刷試驗(yàn)了解清水流對(duì)魚(yú)道水平迴頭彎段淤砂之
2、清除能力;利用淤砂試驗(yàn),以改變坡度、流量、加砂粒徑及有無(wú)設(shè)置丁骨構(gòu)造物等情況下,對(duì)魚(yú)道水平迴頭彎段淤積情形之影響,並觀察是否會(huì)有阻塞魚(yú)道之現(xiàn)象。經(jīng)由試驗(yàn)資料分析,當(dāng)加砂粒徑較小(19.05mm混合粒徑級(jí)配)時(shí),能將其淤砂情形分為三種淤砂型態(tài),其在各種流量與坡度下,均能達(dá)到加砂、收砂平衡,雖有淤砂產(chǎn)生但不至於阻塞魚(yú)道;當(dāng)採(cǎi)用較大加砂粒徑(50.80mm混合粒徑級(jí)配),魚(yú)道發(fā)生傾斜段淤積或水平迴頭彎段回淤,使魚(yú)道阻塞;魚(yú)道水平迴頭彎段一旦發(fā)生淤砂現(xiàn)象,難以清水流清除淤砂,可搭配設(shè)置丁骨構(gòu)造物並配合人工管理維護(hù)定時(shí)清淤。關(guān)鍵詞:魚(yú)道水平迴頭彎段、丁骨構(gòu)造物、淤砂型
3、態(tài)AbstractThisstudyistomakeabetterfishpassageandconservelocalecologicalbalanceforattainingbiologicalresourcessustainableuse.Itisrecognizedthatsedimentationisamainfactorinfluencingafishwaywhetheritisfreelyflowing.Inthisstudy,scourexperimentandsedimentationexperimentareutilizedontheU-
4、turnhorizontalsectionoffishwaytoexaminecauseswhichleadtosedimentationsituation.Throughscourexperiment,thesiltclearancecapacityofclear-waterdischargerevealedonU-turnhorizontalsectionoffishwayisexplored.Forsedimentationexperiment,someelementsareconductedsuchaschangingslope,discharge,
5、sandparticlesizeandsettingT-bonestructure,etc.Addingsandfollowingbyaperiodoftime,weinspecthowsandparticleaffectssedimentationfurtheringtoseewhetherfishwayisblockedaccordingly.Byanalyzingexperimentdata,itistoknowaslongasthesandissmaller(19.05mmmixedparticleunder),thesedimentationcou
6、ldbedividedintothreetypes.Underdifferentdischargesandslopes,allthosethreetypesofsedimentationcouldachieveabalanceofsand1215addedandcollected.Thatmeansalthoughthereissedimentationhoweverthefishwayisnotunlikelytobeblocked.Onthecontrary,whilethereisbiggersand(50.80mmmixedparticleunder
7、)thefishwayisblockedowingtoupstreamsedimentationorsedimentdepositinU-turnhorizontalsection.OncethereissedimentationoccurredattheU-T-turnhorizontalsectionoffishway,itisdifficulttocleanawaybyclear-waterdischarge.Forthereason,settingT-bonestructurealongwithregularmanagementandmaintena
8、ncecoulddecreasesedimentat