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1、SRILANKA:FROMAUNITARYTOAFEDERALSTATEPaperpresentedattheEuroRegionsSummerUniversity,InstituteofFederalism,UniversityofFribourg,Switzerland.25thAugust–12thSeptember2003byEranthiPremaratneIntroduction“…RespondingtoaproposalbytheleadershipoftheLTTE,LiberationTig
2、ersofTamilEelamthepartiesagreedtoexploreasolutionfoundedontheprincipleofinternalself-determinationinareasofhistoricalhabitationoftheTamil-speakingpeoples,basedonaFederalstructurewithinaunitedSriLanka.Thepartiesacknowledgedthatthesolutionhastobeacceptedtoallc
3、ommunities….”(ExtractfromthestatementissuedinOslobytheRoyalNorwegianGovernmentattheconclusionofthethirdsessionofpeacetalksbetweentheGOSLGovernmentofSriLankaandtheLTTEonDecember5,2002.)AfederalSriLankaeventhoughenvisagedasfarbackasthe1920s,remainedadistantrea
4、lityuntiltheabovedeclarationwasmadeinDecember2002.Untilthen16thewordfederalwasregardedabadwordandthosewhoadvocatedittraitors.Althoughthetwopartiesatthepeacetalksfailedtoproceedbeyondagreeingtoexploreafederalidea,sincethenfederalismhasbecomeawidelydiscussedto
5、picamongvariousquarters.Thoseadvocatingthefederalideadosonotonlybecauseitisconsideredtheonlyviablesolutiontothepresentconflictbutalsobecausetheyseeitasawaytoinstilldemocracy,accommodateplurality,ensureafairdistributionofresourcesandopportunities,therebypreve
6、ntingfuturetensions.Howeverfederalismseemstocarrywithitahighdegreeofemotionsamongthemajoritypopulation.TotheSinahalachauviniststhisisthefirststeptowardsthedisintegrationofthecountry.ThereforetheyputforthmanyargumentsastowhySriLankashouldremainaunitaryState.E
7、venamongtheminoritycommunitycertainextremistquarterscriticizetheLTTEhierarchyforagreeingtoafederalsolution,whichfallsfarshortofanindependentState.Drawingfromsuchdiscussionsthispaperaimstolookatthepresentfederaldebatefocusingontheavailablealternativesforafede
8、ralSriLanka.BeforedoingsothepaperwillfirstbrieflydiscussthebackgroundtotheconflicttakingintoconsiderationthedemographyofSriLankaandattemptsatdevolutionofpower.Thereafteritwillgoontoexploretherea
