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《純苯精餾塔工藝設(shè)計(jì)_苯-乙苯連續(xù)精餾篩板塔的設(shè)計(jì)》由會員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)論文-天天文庫。
1、苯-乙苯連續(xù)精餾篩板塔的設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)年級:姓名:指導(dǎo)老師:時間:目錄一、序言···············································1二、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書·········································5三、板式精餾塔的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)·······························6四、物理數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算·······································71.1產(chǎn)品濃度的計(jì)算··································71.2回流比的計(jì)算··················
2、··················71.3精餾塔的物料衡算································81.4精餾段和提餾段的操作線方程······················81.5精餾塔理論塔板數(shù)及加料位置······················81.6實(shí)際塔板數(shù)的計(jì)算································91.7精餾塔主要工藝尺寸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算····················10一、設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果一覽表·····································14二、板式塔的結(jié)構(gòu)及附屬設(shè)備············
3、·················156.1冷凝器··········································156.1.1設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果一覽表································186.2再沸器··········································196.2.1設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果一覽表·································23一、設(shè)計(jì)心得體會·······································24二、參考文獻(xiàn)······························
4、·············25序言塔設(shè)備是化工、煉油生產(chǎn)中最重要的設(shè)備之一。塔設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)和研究,已經(jīng)受到化工行業(yè)的極大重視。在化工生產(chǎn)中,塔設(shè)備的性能對于整個裝置的產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)能力和消耗定額,以及三廢處理和環(huán)境保護(hù)等各個方面,都有非常重大的影響。精餾過程的實(shí)質(zhì)是利用混合物中各組分具有不同的揮發(fā)度。即在同一溫度下,各組分的飽和蒸汽壓不同這一性質(zhì),使液相中的輕組分轉(zhuǎn)移到汽相中,汽相中的重組分轉(zhuǎn)移到液相中,從而達(dá)到分離的目的。因此精餾塔操作彈性的好壞直接關(guān)系到石油化工企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。篩板塔是扎板塔的一種,內(nèi)裝若干層水平塔板,板上有許多小孔,形狀如篩;并裝有溢流管或沒有溢流管。操作時,液
5、體由塔頂進(jìn)入,經(jīng)溢流管(一部分經(jīng)篩孔)逐板下降,并在板上積存液層。氣體(或蒸氣)由塔底進(jìn)入,經(jīng)篩孔上升穿過液層,鼓泡而出,因而兩相可以充分接觸,并相互作用。泡沫式接觸氣液傳質(zhì)過程的一種形式,性能優(yōu)于泡罩塔。為克服篩板安裝水平要求過高的困難,發(fā)展了環(huán)流篩板;克服篩板在低負(fù)荷下出現(xiàn)漏液現(xiàn)象,設(shè)計(jì)了板下帶盤的篩板;減輕篩板上霧沫夾帶縮短板間距,制造出板上帶擋的的篩板和突孔式篩板和用斜的增泡臺代替進(jìn)口堰,塔板上開設(shè)氣體導(dǎo)向縫的林德篩板。篩板塔普遍用作H2S-H2O雙溫交換過程的冷、熱塔。應(yīng)用于蒸餾、吸收和除塵等。泡罩塔板是工業(yè)上應(yīng)用最早的塔板,它主要由升氣管及泡罩構(gòu)成。泡罩安裝在升氣管的頂部,分
6、圓形和條形兩種,以前者使用較廣。泡罩有f80、f100、f150mm三種尺寸,可根據(jù)塔徑的大小選擇。泡罩的下部周邊開有很多齒縫,齒縫一般為三角形、矩形或梯形。泡罩在塔板上為正三角形排列。操作時,液體橫向流過塔板,靠溢流堰保持板上有一定厚度的液層,齒縫浸沒于液層之中而形成液封。升氣管的頂部應(yīng)高于泡罩齒縫的上沿,以防止液體從中漏下。上升氣體通過齒縫進(jìn)入液層時,被分散成許多細(xì)小的氣泡或流股,在板上形成鼓泡層,為氣液兩相的傳熱和傳質(zhì)提供大量的界面泡罩塔板的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是操作彈性較大,塔板不易堵塞;缺點(diǎn)是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、造價高,板上液層厚,塔板壓降大,生產(chǎn)能力及板效率較低。泡罩塔板已逐漸被篩板、浮閥塔板所取代,
7、在新建塔設(shè)備中已很少采用。浮閥塔板具有泡罩塔板和篩孔塔板的優(yōu)點(diǎn),應(yīng)用廣泛。浮閥的類型很多,國內(nèi)常用的有F1型、V-4型及T型等。浮閥塔板的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、造價低,生產(chǎn)能力大,操作彈性大,塔板效率較高。其缺點(diǎn)是處理易結(jié)焦、高粘度的物料時,閥片易與塔板粘結(jié);在操作過程中有時會發(fā)生閥片脫落或卡死等現(xiàn)象,使塔板效率和操作彈性下降。25Towerequipmentischemicalindustry,oilrefiningproduction