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1、作物學(xué)報ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2016,42(7):1026?1036http://zwxb.chinacrops.org/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01026干濕交替灌溉對水稻產(chǎn)量與水分利用效率的影響*褚光展明飛朱寬宇王志琴楊建昌揚州大學(xué)江蘇省作物遺傳生理重點實驗室/糧食作物現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心,江蘇揚州225009摘要:本研究旨在闡明干濕交替灌溉影響水稻產(chǎn)量的生理機制。大田種植3個當(dāng)?shù)馗弋a(chǎn)水稻品種武運粳2
2、4(粳稻)、揚兩優(yōu)6號(兩系雜交秈稻)和甬優(yōu)2640(三系秈/粳雜交粳稻)。自移栽后7d設(shè)置:常規(guī)灌溉(CI,保持水層)和干濕交替灌溉(AWD),觀察這2種灌溉模式對水稻根系與地上部生長發(fā)育的影響。結(jié)果表明,與CI相比,AWD可以顯著提高水稻產(chǎn)量與水分利用效率,3個供試品種產(chǎn)量分別提高了5.34%、5.85%和6.62%,水分利用效率分別提高了28.9%、25.3%和27.6%。產(chǎn)量與水分利用效率的提高主要得益于水稻根系和地上部植株的生理功能的改善,表現(xiàn)出灌漿期較高的根系氧化力、根系傷流液強度、根系與葉片中玉米素與玉米素核苷的含量、劍葉凈光合速率、籽粒中較高的蔗糖合酶
3、、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶和淀粉合酶活性、較大的深層(10~20cm)根系、較高的分蘗成穗率與葉面積指數(shù)。關(guān)鍵詞:水稻;產(chǎn)量;根系;水分利用率;干濕交替灌溉EffectsofAlternateWettingandDryingIrrigationonYieldandWaterUseEfficiencyofRice*CHUGuang,ZHANMing-Fei,ZHUKuan-Yu,WANGZhi-Qin,andYANGJian-ChangJiangsuKeyLaboratoryofCropGeneticsandPhysiology/Co-InnovationCenter
4、forModernProductionTechnologyofGrainCrops,YangzhouUniversity,Yangzhou225009,ChinaAbstract:Alternatewettinganddrying(AWD)irrigationhasbeenwidelyadoptedtoreplaceconventionalirrigation(CI)forsav-ingwaterandincreasingwateruseefficiency(WUE)inirrigatedricesystemsinChina.However,thereislimite
5、dinformationabouthowAWDaffectsyield,WUE,androotandshootgrowthanddevelopment.Tofillthisknowledgegap,weconductedtheexperimentusingthreelocalhigh-yieldingricecultivars,Wuyunjing24(japonica),Yangliangyou6(two-lineindicahybridrice),andYongyou2640(three-lineindica/japonicahybridrice)underthet
6、wowatermanagements,CIandAWD,duringthewholegrowingseason.Theresultsshowedthat,whencomparedwithCI,AWDincreasedgrainyieldby5.34%,5.85%,and6.62%andWUEby28.9%,25.3%,and27.6%,respectivelywhichmainlyattributedtogreaterrootoxidationactivity,amountofrootbleed-ingsap,contentofcytokinins(zeatin+ze
7、atinriboside)inrootsandleaves,hightenphotosyntheticrateofflagleaf,deeperrootdistribution,increasedproductivetillersandleafarea,andenhancedactivitiesofenzymesinvolvedinsucrose-to-starchconver-sioningrainsduringgrainfilling.TheresultsdemonstratethatAWDisaneffectivepracticetoincre
