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1、作物學(xué)報ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2015,41(1):80?88http://zwxb.chinacrops.org/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00080施氮量對濱海改良鹽土棉花鉀累積利用的影響1,21111,*鄒芳剛張國偉王友華趙文青周治國12南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)/農(nóng)業(yè)部南方作物生理生態(tài)重點開放實驗室,江蘇南京210095;江蘇省種子管理站,江蘇南京210036摘要:以長江流域大面積種植的轉(zhuǎn)基因棉湘雜棉8號為材料,在江蘇省大豐市稻麥原種場(33
2、.2°N,120.5°E)濱海改–2良鹽土上研究施氮量(0、150、300、375、450、600kgNhm)對棉株鉀素吸收、利用和分配的影響。結(jié)果表明,增施氮肥提高不同生育階段棉株鉀的吸收量,以盛花到見絮期的鉀積累增量最大,并改變生育期間的鉀吸收比例,使出苗到盛花期的鉀吸收比例降低,盛花到吐絮期的鉀吸收比例升高;同時,增加施氮還降低生育后期中上部果枝鉀濃度的下降速率,但對下部果枝影響較小。隨施氮量增加,各部位果枝氮對鉀吸收的邊際效應(yīng)(每增施1kg氮促進(jìn)鉀–2的吸收量)呈先升高后降低趨勢,且果枝部位越高,基于最大邊際效應(yīng)的施氮量越高。在300~375kghm施氮量范圍內(nèi),干物質(zhì)和鉀在經(jīng)濟(jì)器官
3、中的分配比例提高,鉀濃度和鉀累積量動態(tài)特征參數(shù)比較協(xié)調(diào),中部和上部果枝氮素對–2鉀吸收的邊際效應(yīng)和鉀的皮棉生產(chǎn)效率較高,利于高產(chǎn)形成。高于375kghm的施氮量導(dǎo)致皮棉產(chǎn)量增幅下降,氮–2素對鉀吸收的邊際效應(yīng)和鉀的皮棉生產(chǎn)效率較低;低于375kghm的施氮量降低干物質(zhì)和鉀經(jīng)濟(jì)系數(shù),不利于高產(chǎn)形成。關(guān)鍵詞:棉花;改良鹽土;施氮量;鉀吸收利用EffectofNitrogenApplicationAmountsonUptakeandUtilizationofPotassiuminCottonGrowninImprovedCoastalSalineLandRegions1,21111,*ZOUFan
4、g-Gang,ZHANGGuo-Wei,WANGYou-Hua,ZHAOWen-Qing,andZHOUZhi-Guo1KeyLaboratoryofCropPhysiologyandEcologyinSouthernChina,MinistryofAgriculture/NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing210095,2China;SeedsManagementStationofJiangsuProvince,Nanjing210036,ChinaAbstract:Afieldexperimentusingtransgeniccottoncultiv
5、arXiangzamian8withdifferentnitrogenapplicationamounts(0,150,–1300,375,450,and600kgNha)wascarriedoutinthecoastalimprovedsalinelandregionofDafengCityin2010and2012.Resultsshowedthatthenitrogenapplicationincreasedpotassiumuptakeofcottonatdifferentgrowthstages,withthehighestincrementatthepeakflowering-b
6、ollopeningstage,andthepercentagesofpotassiumuptakedecreasedfromseedlingtopeakfloweringstages,butincreasedfrompeakfloweringtobollmaturingstages.Inaddition,nitrogenapplicationloweredthede-creasingspeedofpotassiumconcentrationinmiddleandupperfruitingbranchesatlatergrowthstages,buthadlessinfluenceonlow
7、erfruitingbranches.Themarginaleffectofpotassiumuptake(promotedamountofpotassiumuptakedueto1kgincreaseofNapplication)showedanupward-downwardtrendwiththeincreaseofnitrogenapplicationrate.Thehigherthepositiono
