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1、棉花學(xué)報CottonScience2015袁27淵4冤院379―384氮肥施用前移對遮蔭下棉花光合特性及產(chǎn)量的影響鄭劍超袁閆曼曼袁張巨松*袁石洪亮(新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)/教育部棉花工程研究中心袁新疆烏魯木齊830052)摘要院為探討新疆南疆地區(qū)果棉間作下棉花適宜的氮肥追施模式袁設(shè)置不施氮肥淵N0冤堯氮肥追施至初花期結(jié)束淵N1冤堯氮肥追施至盛花期結(jié)束淵N2冤和正常追肥淵N3冤遙結(jié)果表明院遮蔭下氮肥追施至盛花期結(jié)束淵N2冤提高了棉花盛花期后主莖功能葉潛在活性淵Fv/Fo冤堯最大光化學(xué)效率(Fv/Fm)和光化學(xué)猝滅系數(shù)(qP)袁有利于光合色素將捕獲的光能以較快的效率及速度轉(zhuǎn)化成化學(xué)能袁為碳同
2、化提供更加充足的能量曰同時增加棉花花鈴期PSII開放程度和光合電子傳遞速率(ETR)袁促進(jìn)實(shí)際光化學(xué)效率淵椎PSII冤和凈光合速率的提高袁降低了初花期非輻射能的耗散袁可將捕獲的光能更充分地進(jìn)行光合生產(chǎn)袁提高了花鈴后期非輻射能的耗散袁可為棉鈴輸送較多的光合產(chǎn)物袁增加了單株鈴數(shù)和鈴重袁提高了產(chǎn)量遙關(guān)鍵詞院棉花曰氮肥施用前移曰遮蔭曰光合特性曰產(chǎn)量中圖分類號院S562文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼院A文章編號院1002-7807(2015冤04-0379-0610.11963/issn.1002-7807.201504011*ZhengJianchao,YanManman,ZhangJusong,ShiH
3、ongliang(830052,)TodetermineasuitablenitrogentopdressingmodeforfruitingcottonandcottonintercroppinginsouthernXinjiang,China,theeffectsoffournitrogentopdressingmodeswereexamined:nonitrogen(N0),nitrogentopdressingattheinitialflower-ingstage(N1),nitrogentopdressingatthefullfloweringstage(N2),an
4、dnormaltopdressing(N3).ImprovementsinFv/Fo(poten-tialactivity),Fv/Fm(maximumphotochemicalefficiency),andqP(photochemicalquenchingcoefficient)wereobservedformain-stemleaffunctionwithN2undershadeconditions.N2alsoprovedmoreefficientwhenexaminingphotosyntheticpigmentcapturingoflightenergyefficie
5、ncyandconversion,carbonassimilation,photosystemII(PSII)openness,andtheelectrontrans-portrateattheflowerandbollstage.Additionally,椎PSIIandthenetphotosyntheticratewerepromoted,non-radiantenergydis-sipationwasreducedattheinitialfloweringstage,andphotosyntheticyieldwashigherunderN2conditions.Ina
6、ddition,weob-servedhighernon-radiantenergydissipationatthelateflowerandbollstageandmorephotosyntheticproductconveyedtocot-tonbolls,aswellashigherbollnumbersperplant,bollweight,andyield.Thesedatasuggestthatnitrogentopdressingofcottonplantsatthefullfloweringstagemeritsfurtherattention.cotton;n
7、itrogentopdressingforward;shading;photosyntheticindices;yield合理的氮肥運(yùn)籌是改善作物生長發(fā)育堯光合氮肥比例小可使棉花現(xiàn)蕾晚袁初花和吐絮早袁使[1-3][11]特性及增產(chǎn)的重要調(diào)控措施之一遙適當(dāng)增加追生育期縮短遙現(xiàn)在新疆南疆林果業(yè)的快速發(fā)展袁氮比例袁可提高葉片RuBPcase活性與凈光合速果棉間作模式應(yīng)運(yùn)而生遙但果樹對棉花遮蔭比較[4]率遙在棉花花鈴期追施氮肥可提高主莖功能葉嚴(yán)重袁如6a樹齡以上的杏樹間作對棉花遮蔭程[5-6][12
