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1、農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境學報JournalofAgriculturalResourcesandEnvironment2015年12月·第32卷·第6期:559-564December2015·Vol.32·No.6:559-564穩(wěn)定氮肥用量和施用方式對水稻產(chǎn)量和氮肥效率的影響1,2,31,31,31,31,324李敏,葉舒婭,劉楓,郭熙盛,武際,黃義德,郭肖穎(1.安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)科學院土壤肥料研究所,安徽合肥230031;2.安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學農(nóng)學院,安徽合肥230036;3.安徽養(yǎng)分循環(huán)與資源環(huán)境省級實驗室,安徽合肥230031;4.安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)科學院農(nóng)業(yè)工程研究所,安徽合肥230031)摘要:通過田間
2、小區(qū)試驗,研究了穩(wěn)定氮肥用量及施用方式對水稻產(chǎn)量、氮素累積量、氮肥利用效率、經(jīng)濟效益及土壤養(yǎng)分含量的影響。結(jié)果表明,與不施穩(wěn)定氮肥相比,100%穩(wěn)定氮肥一次施用、100%穩(wěn)定氮肥分次施用、85%穩(wěn)定氮肥一次施用和70%穩(wěn)定氮肥一次施用分別增產(chǎn)53.1%、61.6%、39.7%和36.7%,植株地上部氮素總累積量分別增加64.0%、80.9%、36.0%和32.3%,經(jīng)濟效益分別增加50.4%、59.5%、37.4%和34.5%。與農(nóng)民習慣等氮施肥相比,穩(wěn)定氮肥一次施用和分次施用分別增產(chǎn)5.7%和11.6%,植株地上部氮素總累積量分別增加9.9%和21.2%,經(jīng)濟效益分別增加5.8%和1
3、2.2%。等氮施用穩(wěn)定氮肥較農(nóng)民習慣施肥促進水稻對氮素的吸收累積,提高了產(chǎn)量,分次施用達到顯著性差異。穩(wěn)定氮肥一次施用和分次施用氮肥表觀利用率和農(nóng)學效率高于農(nóng)民習慣施氮,且分次施用達到顯著性差異,生理效率和偏生產(chǎn)力3處理無顯著性差異。施用穩(wěn)定氮肥能夠提高土壤堿解氮含量,且隨著施用量增加而增大。穩(wěn)定氮肥施氮量在240kgN·hm-2且基肥與分蘗肥6∶4分次施用時,能較好地協(xié)調(diào)水稻高產(chǎn)與穩(wěn)定氮肥合理利用的統(tǒng)一。關(guān)鍵詞:穩(wěn)定氮肥;水稻;產(chǎn)量;施用方式;氮肥效率中圖分類號:S145.6文獻標志碼:A文章編號:2095-6819(2015)06-0559-06doi:10.13254/j.jar
4、e.2015.0157EffectsofStabilizedNitrogenFertilizerApplicationAmountandApplicationMethodsonYieldandNitrogenEfficiencyofRiceLIMin1,2,3,YEShu-ya1,3,LIUFeng1,3,GUOXi-sheng1,3,WUJi1,3,HUANGYi-de2,GUOXiao-ying4(1.InstituteofSoilandFertilizer,AnhuiAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Hefei230031,China;2.College
5、ofAgronomy,AnhuiAgriculturalUniversity,Hefei230036,China;3.LaboratoryofNutrientCycling,ResourcesandEnvironmentofAnhui,Hefei230031,China;4.InstituteofAgriculturalEngineering,AnhuiAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Hefei230031,China)Abstract:AricefieldexperimentwascarriedoutinAnhuiProvincein2014toinves
6、tigatetheeffectsofstabilizedNfertilizer(SNF)applicationamountanditsapplicationmethodsonriceyield,nitrogenaccumulation,nitrogenuseefficiency(NUE)ofrice,economicefficiencyandsoilnutrients.Comparedwithnon-stabilizednitrogenfertilizer,theyieldofSNFtreatmentsas100%oneapplication,100%splitapplication,
7、85%oneapplicationand70%Noneapplicationincreased53.1%,61.6%,39.7%and36.7%respectively,totalNaccumulatedbyabovegroundpartsincreased64.0%,80.9%,36.0%and32.3%,andeconomicbenefitsincreased50.4%,59.5%,37.4%and34.5%respectively.Com