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1、PROMISINGTRANSITAPPLICATIONSOFFUELCELLSANDALTERNATIVEFUELSWilliamP.ChernicoffAvivaBrecherKevinGreenVolpeNationalTransportationSystemsCenter,U.S.DOTCambridge,MA02142ABSTRACTForoveradecade,theVolpeCenterhasbeenprovidingtechnicalsupporttotheFederalTransitAdministration(FTA)
2、OfficeofResearch,DemonstrationandInnovationtowardsthedevelopment,deployment,fieldtestandsafetyevaluationofadvancedtransitvehiclesandtechnologies.OfspecialinterestisthecooperativeDOTandDOEFuelCellTransitBusresearchanddemonstrationprogram.Thispaperwillbrieflyhighlightpolic
3、y,environmental,fueleconomy,costandotherissuesthatarebeingaddressedindevelopingtheconsensusstandardsandguidelinesandpoliciesforfuelcellbuses,electricandhybrid-electricbusesandassociatedtechnologyandinfrastructure.Thedevelopmentandadoptionofsafetystandardsbasedonperforman
4、cespecificationsandofindustrybestpracticesareessentialtoearlydeployment.Publicacceptanceofalternativepowertrainsandfuelshingesonthesuccessfuldemonstrationoftheirsafe,efficient,environmentallysound,andcost-effectivein-serviceoperation.Captivefleetssuchasbusestypicallyutil
5、izecentralizedfuelingandmaintenancefacilities,andarewell-suitedtoearlydemonstrationprograms.Insofarastransitbusestypicallyoperateinspecificgeographicareasunderstop-and-goconditions,areveryvisibletothepublic,andmaybeabletosharerefuelingfacilitieswithotherheavyandmediumfle
6、ets,theyrepresentanattractivetransitionalnichemarketforalternativefuelsandforemerging“green”propulsiontechnologies.Flexiblerefuelingandsupportinfrastructurecouldhelptoprovidecleanerfossilfuels,whileatthesametimesupplyinghydrogentoanypotentialfuelstoragedevice.Forexample,
7、anon-sitereformercouldbeaddedtoaCNGrefuelingfacilitytherebyprovidinghydrogenforemergingvehiclesthatmightrelyonthatfuel.Someenvironmental,infrastructure,technologyandindustrialbaseimplicationsofdifferentalternativefuelpathwaysarebrieflyreviewed.BackgroundandIntroductionTh
8、eFederalGovernmentplaysasignificantroleinsupportingpublictransit.Inparticular,theU.S.appliesroughlyoned
