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1、HISTORYOFWESTERNPHILOSOPHYANILMITRA,PH.D.,COPYRIGHT?19882NDEDITION2002ANDREVISED六月2021TABLEOFCONTENTSINTRODUCTION3Sources3Thetemperamentalistthesis3Thefirstedition3TherestrictiontoWesternphilosophy3Thesecondedition4Possibilitiesforathirdedition41THEPERIODSANDMA
2、ININFLUENCES52GREEKPHILOSOPHY62.1RELIGIOUSORIGINSOFGREEKPHILOSOPHY62.2GREEKPHILOSOPHY:ORIGINS62.2.1EarlyGreekphilosophy62.2.2Ageofsophists62.2.3SocratesandtheSocraticschools62.3GREEKPHILOSOPHY:THEAGEOFGREATSYSTEMS62.3.1Plato[427-347BCE]62.3.2Aristotle[384-322BC
3、E]82.4ETHICALPERIOD[ABOUT350-200BCE]92.4.1Epicureanismandstoicism92.4.2Skepticismandeclecticism92.4.3Stoicism–continued102.5GREEKPHILOSOPHY:THERELIGIOUSPERIOD[150BCE–500AD]102.5.1JewishGreekphilosophy112.5.2Neo-Pythagoreanism112.5.3Neoplatonism112.6THEDECLINEOF
4、GREEKPHILOSOPHY112.6.1TheclosingoftheschoolatAthens112.6.2TheConsolationofPhilosophybyBoethius113MEDIEVALPHILOSOPHY123.1Doctrineanddogma123.2Theperiodsofmedievalphilosophy123.3Thepatristicperiod:establishmentoftheChristianChurchanddogma123.4Scholasticperiod123.
5、4.1FormativePeriod–theSchoolmen123.4.2Culmination123.4.3Decline124THEMODERNPERIOD144.1BACKGROUND144.1.1TheRenaissance144.2THEBEGINNINGOFMODERNPHILOSOPHY1550-1670144.2.1FrancisBacon[1561-1626]144.2.2ThomasHobbes[1588-1679]144.2.3BlaisePascal[1632-1662]144.3MODER
6、NPHILOSOPHY:CONTINENTALRATIONALISM144.3.1RenéDescartes[1598-1650]154.3.2Baruch[Benedict]deSpinoza[1632-1677]154.4MODERNPHILOSOPHY:BRITISHEMPIRICISM164.4.1JohnLocke[1632-1704]164.4.2GeorgeBerkeley[1685-1753]174.4.3DavidHume[1711-1776]174.5MODERNPHILOSOPHY:RATION
7、ALISMINGERMANY184.5.1Leibniz[1646-1716]184.5.2ChristianWolff[1679-1754]184.6MODERNPHILOSOPHY:THEENLIGHTENMENT184.6.1Voltaire[1694-1778]184.6.2Materialismandevolutionism184.6.3Progressofthesciences184.6.4Charles-LouisdeSecondatMontesquieu[1685-1754]184.6.5JeanJa
8、cquesRousseau[1712-1778]184.7MODERNPHILOSOPHY:IMMANUELKANT[1724-1804]194.7.1Kant’sheritage194.7.2Kant’sproblem194.7.3Theproblemofknowledge194.7.4Thefirsttranscendentalmethod
