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1、中國傳統(tǒng)文化THECHINESETRADITIONALCULTURE風箏KITE風箏的起源TheOriginofKite風箏最早是中國人發(fā)明的.Chineseinventedthefirstkite.古時稱為“鷂”yào,北方稱為“鳶”yuān.Inancienttime,kitewascalled“sparrowhawk"andalsowaswellknownas"glede"innorthernregionofChina.春秋戰(zhàn)國時,東周哲人墨翟(公元前478-392年),曾“費時三年,以木制木鳶,飛升天空.”。墨子在魯山(今山東濰坊境內),“斫木為鷂,三年而成,飛一日而敗
2、”。這是說墨子研究試制了三年,終于用木板制成了一只木鳥,但只飛了一天就壞了。墨子制造的這只“木鷂”(或“木鳶”)就是中國最早的風箏,也是世界上最早的風箏。(約紀元前300年左右),距今已有二千四百年。IntheSpringandAutumnPeriodinChina,therewasaphilosophernamed“MoQu”(478-392B.C.)intheEasternZhouDynasty.Hespentthreeyearsmadeawoodengledethatcouldflyintheair.HefliedhiswoodenkiteinShandongProvin
3、ceofChina,butitcrashedjustinoneday.ThatwoodengledewasthefirstkiteinChinaandalsosameintheworld.It’sovertwothousandandfourhundredyearsfromnow.墨子把制風箏的事業(yè)傳給了他的學生公輸班(也稱魯班),<墨子?魯問篇>中說,魯班根據(jù)墨翟的理想和設計,用竹子做風箏。魯班把竹子劈開削光滑,用火烤彎曲,做成了喜鵲的樣子,稱為「木鵲」,在空中飛翔達三天之久。<鴻書>上說:“公輸班制木鳶以窺宋城”。MoQutaughthisstudentLuBanhowtom
4、akeakite.Accordingtoanancientbook“MoZi”,LuBaninheritedhisteacher’sskillandcreatedhisowndesignofabambookite.Hesplitbamboointostrips,heatedthemwithfireandshapedthem.Hemadeamagpieshapedbambookite.Thatkitewasabletoflyintheskyforthreedays.Thehistoricalbook“HongShu”said,LuBanmadeakitetospyneighbor
5、Song’sterritoryformilitarypurpose.風箏的用途UsageofKite最初風箏常被利用為軍事工具,用于三角測量信號、天空風向測查和通訊的手段。Kitewasusedformilitarypurposeinitially,likemeasuringdistanceandlocatingtarget,testingwind,andsendingsignalforcommunications.據(jù)古書記載:“五代李鄭于宮中作紙鳶,引線乘風為戲,后于鳶首以竹為,使風入竹,聲如箏鳴,故名風箏?!惫识荒馨l(fā)出聲音的叫“紙鳶”,能發(fā)出聲音的叫“風箏”Accordi
6、ngtoanancientbooks:IntheperiodofFiveDynastiesinChina,LiZhengmadeakiteinimperialpalace.Abamboowhistlewastiedtoapaperkite.ItmadesoundlikeZheng(a21-25stringpluckedinstrument)whilewindpassedthrough.Sincethen,kitesthatcouldnotgiveoutsoundcalled“paperglede”,otherswerecalled“FengZheng”(Fengmeanswin
7、d,Zhengisthemusicinstrument).宋張擇端的《清明上河圖》,宋蘇漢臣的《百子圖》里都有放賜箏的生動景象。SongDynastyartistZhangZeduandemonstratedavividlyimageofplayingkiteintheancienttimeonhispanoramicpainting“AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival”;andSuHanchenfromthesameperiodoftimedidt