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1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣與事實(shí)相反，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示，對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種句式中的用法介紹如下：A).條件從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反be---were/動(dòng)詞---過(guò)去式would/should/might/could+do與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反過(guò)去完成式would/should/might/could+havedone與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反wereto/should+do/動(dòng)詞---過(guò)去式would/should/might/could+doE
2、g.如果我是你，我就不看電視了.IfIwereyou,Ishould/wouldnotwatchTV.如果我做完家庭作業(yè)，我就去參加晚會(huì).IfIdid/haddonemyhomework,Iwouldgo/havegonetotheparty.如果你昨天晚上不看電視，就不會(huì)遲到了.Ifyouhadn’tgonetothecinema,youwouldnothavebeenlateforclass.如果你努力地學(xué)習(xí)的話，你就會(huì)考試及格了。Ifyouhadstudiedharder,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.Thepl
3、antsinourgarden__________betterifithadnotrainedsomuchlastyear.A.hadgrownB.wouldhavegrownC.weregrowingD.wouldgrowNote:a).條件從句中if的省略，要倒裝如果條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含有were或助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞had,should,could，有時(shí)可將連詞if省去，而將條件從句的主語(yǔ)置于were,had,should,could之后。這種用法主要用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，如：a.與現(xiàn)在相反：IfIwereyou(=WereIyou),Iwoul
4、dgowithhim.???b.與過(guò)去相反：IfIhadhadtimethen(=HadIhadtimethen),Iwouldhavegonewithyou.???c.與將來(lái)相反：IfIweretovisit/shouldvisit/visitedtheGreatWalltomorrow,(=WereIto/ShouldIvisittheGreatWalltomorrow),Iwouldtakemysonwithme.???注意：在否定句中not不可提至主語(yǔ)前，如：???（誤）Weren’tIherenow,Iwouldbeinthebu
5、s.???（正）WereInotherenow,Iwouldbeinthebus.b).without可以代替條件從句Eg.沒(méi)有水和空氣，我們就不能生存。Wewouldnotlivewithoutwaterorair.c)混合虛擬條件句???如果條件從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。這種句子叫做混合虛擬條件句。如：???Ifhehadfollowedmyadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.（從句述說(shuō)過(guò)去，主句述說(shuō)現(xiàn)在）IfChinahadnotbe
6、enliberated,theworkingpeoplewouldstillbeleadingamiserablelife.（從句表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，主句說(shuō)明與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反）d)省略主句，只保留if(only)的條件句???虛擬條件句中的表示結(jié)果的主句有時(shí)形式上可以省略，但意義仍然存在。這種句子只保留一個(gè)if(only)條件從句，表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的強(qiáng)烈愿望。如：If(only)sheweremysister！她是我的妹妹就好了！e)用but或butfor引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句（but后跟從句，butfor后跟短語(yǔ):假如沒(méi)有,要不是）???Butfor
7、yourhelp,ourexperimentwouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.???假如沒(méi)有你們的幫助，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是不會(huì)如此成功的。???Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.???要不是碰到暴雨我們會(huì)到得早一些。???Wewouldhaveinvitedthemtothedance,buttheyweretoobusy.???要不是他們太忙，我們會(huì)邀請(qǐng)他們來(lái)參加舞會(huì)的。???此句可改寫(xiě)為：Iftheyhadnotbeensobusy,wewouldhaveinvited
8、themtothedance.???Butthatheisinhospital,Hewouldgoabroadforhissummervacation.???要不是生病住院，他就
