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1、分詞作狀語(yǔ)分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ),修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的原因、時(shí)間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨狀況等。形式意義v.ing(doing)與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生,或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生。Having+v.-ed(havingdone)與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。v.-ed(done)與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系1.分詞作狀語(yǔ)形式的選擇being+v.-ed(beingdone)與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生,一般作原因狀語(yǔ)置于句首。havingbeen+v-ed(havin
2、gbeendone)與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。2.分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本原則1)分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。2)分詞作狀語(yǔ)必須和句中主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,否則不能使用分詞作狀語(yǔ)。1)Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.2)Givenmuchmoretime,hewoulddoitbetter.Eg.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.(聽(tīng)見(jiàn)和進(jìn)入兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生)Thebuildingbeingbuiltn
3、owisournewlibrary.(beingbuilt為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之中。)Havingdonethework,hewenthome.完成了工作,他就回家了。分詞作狀語(yǔ)1.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttoplayfootball.2)Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.2.作原因狀語(yǔ)1)Notknowinghisaddress,shewenttoapolicemanforhelp.2)Beingill,hewaslateforschool.3.作
4、伴隨狀語(yǔ)1)Hestoodagainstthedoor,readinganewspaper.(表伴隨情況)2)Istayedupverylate,preparingmyspeech.(說(shuō)明細(xì)節(jié)情況)4.作條件狀語(yǔ)1)Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.2)Seenfromthetopofthehill,ourschoollooksverybeautiful.5.作讓步狀語(yǔ)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.6.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)1)Shewascaug
5、htinaheavyrain,fallingill.2)Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.注:現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),表示由謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分所造成的結(jié)果。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.1)表時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)2)表原因狀語(yǔ)Beingill,
6、hedidn’tgotoschool.Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.)既然你是一個(gè)學(xué)生,你就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。由于想到它或許在家,所以我就給他打了電話。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.(AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.)3)表方式、伴隨情況的狀語(yǔ):作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的分詞表示的動(dòng)作,必須是主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài))同時(shí)發(fā)生,或是對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)
7、詞(或狀態(tài))作進(jìn)一步地補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。Eg.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。__________________,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)著墻站著。Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(=Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.)Laughingandtalking4)表結(jié)果Eg.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoun
8、gerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全國(guó)