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1、●動(dòng)詞不定式：動(dòng)詞不定式是由to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，在句中起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以擔(dān)任除謂語以外的其它任何成分。1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語：Tomastalanguageisnotaneasything.ToteachEnglishismyfavorite.It'smypleasuretohelpyou.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)可以放在后面，而用it作形式主語放在原主語的位置上。It'sverykindofyoutohavegivenusmuchhelp.It'snecessarytofindthewitness.2.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語：某些及物動(dòng)詞可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，這些動(dòng)詞有decide,b
2、egin,help,begin,want,wish,like,forget,learn,ask.Eg:WhatIwishistolearnEnglishwell.IliketohelpothersifIcan.3.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語。Weexpectyoutobewithus.Pleaseaskhimtocomeherequickly.。4.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語：WhatIshoulddoistofinishthetasksoon.Themosturgentthingistofindtheboyimmediately.5.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語：Therearemanywaystosolvethe
3、problem.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.6.不定式作狀語：Wewenttothehospitaltoseeourteacher.SheismakingatesttogetakindofusefulmedicinefromaTibetflower.她在做試驗(yàn)，從一種西藏花中提取某種有用的藥物。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式：not+to+動(dòng)詞原形Theteachertoldusnottoswiminthatriver.It'sunfairnottotellus.帶疑問詞的不定式：疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,how,why可以加在不
4、定式的前面，構(gòu)成不定式短語，使含義更加具體。Wheretogoisnotknownyet.。Idon'tknowwhentobegin.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebattery.Doyouknowhowtogettothestation.帶邏輯主語的不定式：動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成方法是：for+邏輯主語+不定式。注意：邏輯主語用賓格形式，for本身無實(shí)際意義，它只表明后面的主語從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語。It'snecessaryforustohelpeachother.Therearemuchworkformetofinish,動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式
5、：表示不定式動(dòng)詞同所修飾的名詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Heisthemantobeexamined.Therearemuchworktobedone.●動(dòng)名詞:動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞原形+ing構(gòu)成，同現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，在句中可作主語，賓語，表語和定語。1)動(dòng)名詞作主語：Talkinglikethatisnotpolite.Learningfromothersisimportant.Puttingonmoreclothesisnotsogood.2)動(dòng)名詞作表語Thenurse'sjobislookingafterthepatients.Seeingisbelieving.3)動(dòng)名詞作賓語有些動(dòng)詞須用動(dòng)名詞來
6、作賓語,它們是begin,mind,suggest,finish,stop,need,enjoy,miss,keep.Pleasestopsmokinginthehouse.Ilikereadingintheforest.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindows?4）動(dòng)名詞作定語Sheisstudyinginthereadingroom.Hesleptinthesleepingbag.（動(dòng)名詞的否定形式：not+動(dòng)名詞Hepretendnotknowingitatall.Weconsiderednotdoingitnow.動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式（當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞和它的邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)
7、，用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式來表示。）Hisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick.Ican'treallystandbeingtreatedlikethat.動(dòng)名詞的幾種特殊情況：1)有些動(dòng)詞的后面能跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語，有些動(dòng)詞能跟不定式，有些兩者都可以，它們的具體含義有時(shí)還不一樣。能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞有：avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,enjoy,escape,
