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1、●動詞不定式:動詞不定式是由to+動詞原形構成,在句中起名詞,形容詞和副詞的作用,可以擔任除謂語以外的其它任何成分。1.動詞不定式作主語:Tomastalanguageisnotaneasything.ToteachEnglishismyfavorite.It'smypleasuretohelpyou.動詞不定式作主語時可以放在后面,而用it作形式主語放在原主語的位置上。It'sverykindofyoutohavegivenusmuchhelp.It'snecessarytofindthewitness.2.動詞不定式作賓語:某些及物動詞可以用動詞不定式作賓語,這些動詞有decide,b
2、egin,help,begin,want,wish,like,forget,learn,ask.Eg:WhatIwishistolearnEnglishwell.IliketohelpothersifIcan.3.動詞不定式作賓語補語。Weexpectyoutobewithus.Pleaseaskhimtocomeherequickly.。4.動詞不定式作表語:WhatIshoulddoistofinishthetasksoon.Themosturgentthingistofindtheboyimmediately.5.動詞不定式作定語:Therearemanywaystosolvethe
3、problem.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.6.不定式作狀語:Wewenttothehospitaltoseeourteacher.SheismakingatesttogetakindofusefulmedicinefromaTibetflower.她在做試驗,從一種西藏花中提取某種有用的藥物。動詞不定式的否定形式:not+to+動詞原形Theteachertoldusnottoswiminthatriver.It'sunfairnottotellus.帶疑問詞的不定式:疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,how,why可以加在不
4、定式的前面,構成不定式短語,使含義更加具體。Wheretogoisnotknownyet.。Idon'tknowwhentobegin.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebattery.Doyouknowhowtogettothestation.帶邏輯主語的不定式:動詞不定式可以帶有自己的邏輯主語,構成方法是:for+邏輯主語+不定式。注意:邏輯主語用賓格形式,for本身無實際意義,它只表明后面的主語從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語。It'snecessaryforustohelpeachother.Therearemuchworkformetofinish,動詞不定式的被動形式
5、:表示不定式動詞同所修飾的名詞是被動關系。Heisthemantobeexamined.Therearemuchworktobedone.●動名詞:動名詞是由動詞原形+ing構成,同現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣,在句中可作主語,賓語,表語和定語。1)動名詞作主語:Talkinglikethatisnotpolite.Learningfromothersisimportant.Puttingonmoreclothesisnotsogood.2)動名詞作表語Thenurse'sjobislookingafterthepatients.Seeingisbelieving.3)動名詞作賓語有些動詞須用動名詞來
6、作賓語,它們是begin,mind,suggest,finish,stop,need,enjoy,miss,keep.Pleasestopsmokinginthehouse.Ilikereadingintheforest.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindows?4)動名詞作定語Sheisstudyinginthereadingroom.Hesleptinthesleepingbag.(動名詞的否定形式:not+動名詞Hepretendnotknowingitatall.Weconsiderednotdoingitnow.動名詞的被動形式(當動名詞和它的邏輯主語是被動關系時
7、,用動名詞的被動形式來表示。)Hisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick.Ican'treallystandbeingtreatedlikethat.動名詞的幾種特殊情況:1)有些動詞的后面能跟動名詞做賓語,有些動詞能跟不定式,有些兩者都可以,它們的具體含義有時還不一樣。能跟動名詞的動詞有:avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,enjoy,escape,