資源描述:
《基于RTP協(xié)議的實時語音傳輸研究與實現(xiàn)》由會員上傳分享,免費在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)論文-天天文庫。
1、摘要近些年來,因特網(wǎng)的應(yīng)用非常廣泛,除了傳統(tǒng)的http、ftp和電子郵件(Email)外,已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了越來越多的多媒體通信業(yè)務(wù),這些業(yè)務(wù)的一個共同的特點就是對實時性要求很高。但是,傳統(tǒng)傳輸層協(xié)議設(shè)計時的定位決定了它們在傳輸文字、圖形等離散媒體時尚能勝任,而不適合語音、視頻等實時業(yè)務(wù)的傳輸,為此IESG在1995年通過了RTP作為因特網(wǎng)建議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文首先介紹了實時數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)陌l(fā)展及國內(nèi)外的研究狀況,研究了分組網(wǎng)絡(luò)上音頻數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)奶攸c。在介紹了實時傳輸協(xié)議RTP的特點、構(gòu)成后,詳細(xì)分析了RTP/RTCP協(xié)議,具體闡述了各種報文的格式及其字段的意義。之后詳細(xì)介
2、紹了Windows下采用雙向鏈表和單緩沖技術(shù)、基于RTP協(xié)議實時語音傳輸軟件的實現(xiàn),介紹了軟件的基本框架及主要數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu),詳細(xì)介紹了軟件的具體實現(xiàn)流程,主要包括:音頻數(shù)據(jù)的采集和播放;RTP數(shù)據(jù)包的發(fā)送和接收;補償發(fā)送方和接收方時鐘速率的偏差和網(wǎng)絡(luò)抖動現(xiàn)象,計算正確的播放時間。通過在合適的時機調(diào)整去抖緩沖延時,自動適應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)的變化,有效去除語音分組的抖動問題,在時延與丟包之間達(dá)到良好平衡,改善了語音通話質(zhì)量。為了保證一定的QoS,本文根據(jù)報文丟失率評估信道的傳輸質(zhì)量和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的擁塞程度,調(diào)整發(fā)送方輸出的碼流,使之自動適應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)的變化,降低網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁塞產(chǎn)生的
3、概率。關(guān)鍵詞:實時傳輸協(xié)議;語音傳輸;時延;抖動IAbstractInrecentyears,Internethasbeenwidelyused.Besideshttp、ftpandEmailservices,ithasmanynewapplications,suchasmultimediacommunication.Thecommonfeatureofthesenewservicesisthestrongrequirementofreal-timereality.Butthedesignprincipleforclassicaltransportp
4、rotocoldecidesthattheycanbecompetentfordiscretemediatransmission,suchastext、pictureetc,butcan'tbeusedforreal-timeservicessuchasaudio、videoandsoon.Thus,inordertotransmitreal-timemediawithhighperformanceoverIPnetwork,onNovember22,1995,RTPwasapprovedbytheIESGasanInternetproposedst
5、andard.First,thepaperintroducesthedevelopmentofthereal-timedatatransmissionandthecurrentresearchinChinaandabroad,thentakesresearchonthecharacteristicsofvoicetransmissionoverpacketnetworks.Inthesecondpart,afterintroducingthefundamentalfeaturesofRTPanditsstandardelements,thepaper
6、presentstheanalysisofRTP/RTCPindetail,includingtheprotocolpacketsformatsandvariousfieldsmeaning.Afterthatthepaperintroduceshowtoimplementthesystemofreal-timeaudiotransmissionbasedonRTPsuiteinWindowsindetail,includingthebasicframestructureandthemaindatastructuresofthesystem.Them
7、ainpartsofthissystemarepresented,including:howtocollectandplayoutaudiodata;howtosendandreceiveRTPpackets;howtocompensateforrelativeclockskewbetweensenderandreceiver,compensateforvariationininterpackettimingcausedbynetworkqueuingjitterandroutechanges,sotocalculatethecorrectplayo
8、uttime.Thesystemadjuststheplayoutbufferingdelayatprope